karhentaa

Finnish

Etymology 1

karhea +‎ -ntaa (factitive aspect)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrhentɑːˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝rhe̞n̪t̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑrhentɑː
• Syllabification^(key): kar‧hen‧taa

Verb

karhentaa

1. (transitive) to roughen (to make a surface rougher in order to increase friction)

Conjugation

Inflection of karhentaa (Kotus type 54*J/huutaa, nt-nn gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		karhennan	en karhenna	1st sing.	olen karhentanut	en ole karhentanut
2nd sing.		karhennat	et karhenna	2nd sing.	olet karhentanut	et ole karhentanut
3rd sing.		karhentaa	ei karhenna	3rd sing.	on karhentanut	ei ole karhentanut
1st plur.		karhennamme	emme karhenna	1st plur.	olemme karhentaneet	emme ole karhentaneet
2nd plur.		karhennatte	ette karhenna	2nd plur.	olette karhentaneet	ette ole karhentaneet
3rd plur.		karhentavat	eivät karhenna	3rd plur.	ovat karhentaneet	eivät ole karhentaneet
passive		karhennetaan	ei karhenneta	passive	on karhennettu	ei ole karhennettu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		karhensin	en karhentanut	1st sing.	olin karhentanut	en ollut karhentanut
2nd sing.		karhensit	et karhentanut	2nd sing.	olit karhentanut	et ollut karhentanut
3rd sing.		karhensi	ei karhentanut	3rd sing.	oli karhentanut	ei ollut karhentanut
1st plur.		karhensimme	emme karhentaneet	1st plur.	olimme karhentaneet	emme olleet karhentaneet
2nd plur.		karhensitte	ette karhentaneet	2nd plur.	olitte karhentaneet	ette olleet karhentaneet
3rd plur.		karhensivat	eivät karhentaneet	3rd plur.	olivat karhentaneet	eivät olleet karhentaneet
passive		karhennettiin	ei karhennettu	passive	oli karhennettu	ei ollut karhennettu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		karhentaisin	en karhentaisi	1st sing.	olisin karhentanut	en olisi karhentanut
2nd sing.		karhentaisit	et karhentaisi	2nd sing.	olisit karhentanut	et olisi karhentanut
3rd sing.		karhentaisi	ei karhentaisi	3rd sing.	olisi karhentanut	ei olisi karhentanut
1st plur.		karhentaisimme	emme karhentaisi	1st plur.	olisimme karhentaneet	emme olisi karhentaneet
2nd plur.		karhentaisitte	ette karhentaisi	2nd plur.	olisitte karhentaneet	ette olisi karhentaneet
3rd plur.		karhentaisivat	eivät karhentaisi	3rd plur.	olisivat karhentaneet	eivät olisi karhentaneet
passive		karhennettaisiin	ei karhennettaisi	passive	olisi karhennettu	ei olisi karhennettu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		karhenna	älä karhenna	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		karhentakoon	älköön karhentako	3rd sing.	olkoon karhentanut	älköön olko karhentanut
1st plur.		karhentakaamme	älkäämme karhentako	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		karhentakaa	älkää karhentako	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		karhentakoot	älkööt karhentako	3rd plur.	olkoot karhentaneet	älkööt olko karhentaneet
passive		karhennettakoon	älköön karhennettako	passive	olkoon karhennettu	älköön olko karhennettu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		karhentanen	en karhentane	1st sing.	lienen karhentanut	en liene karhentanut
2nd sing.		karhentanet	et karhentane	2nd sing.	lienet karhentanut	et liene karhentanut
3rd sing.		karhentanee	ei karhentane	3rd sing.	lienee karhentanut	ei liene karhentanut
1st plur.		karhentanemme	emme karhentane	1st plur.	lienemme karhentaneet	emme liene karhentaneet
2nd plur.		karhentanette	ette karhentane	2nd plur.	lienette karhentaneet	ette liene karhentaneet
3rd plur.		karhentanevat	eivät karhentane	3rd plur.	lienevät karhentaneet	eivät liene karhentaneet
passive		karhennettaneen	ei karhennettane	passive	lienee karhennettu	ei liene karhennettu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		karhentaa		present	karhentava	karhennettava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st karhentaakseni karhentaaksemme 2nd karhentaaksesi karhentaaksenne 3rd karhentaakseen karhentaaksensa		past	karhentanut	karhennettu
2nd	inessive2	karhentaessa	karhennettaessa	agent3	karhentama
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st karhentaessani karhentaessamme 2nd karhentaessasi karhentaessanne 3rd karhentaessaan karhentaessansa		negative	karhentamaton
	instructive	karhentaen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). * The third-person singular indicative form karhentaa does not exhibit final gemination, unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd	inessive	karhentamassa	—
	elative	karhentamasta	—
	illative	karhentamaan	—
	adessive	karhentamalla	—
	abessive	karhentamatta	—
	instructive	karhentaman	karhennettaman
4th4	verbal noun	karhentaminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st karhentamaisillani karhentamaisillamme 2nd karhentamaisillasi karhentamaisillanne 3rd karhentamaisillaan karhentamaisillansa

Derived terms

• karhenne
• karhennos
• karhennus
• karhentua

 

Related terms

• karhentua

Further reading

• “karhentaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrhentɑː/, [ˈkɑ̝rhe̞n̪t̪ɑ̝ː]
• Rhymes: -ɑrhentɑː
• Syllabification^(key): kar‧hen‧taa

Verb

karhentaa

1. third-person singular present indicative of karhentaa