From Proto-Bantu *-kóɪda.
-khwéla
- (transitive) to ascend, to climb
- (transitive) to mount, to get onto, to ride
- (transitive) to catch (bus, train, etc.)
- (transitive) to annoy, to harass, to irk, to pester, to vex, to upset
Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukukhwela
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukukhwela
|
ukungakhweli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
khwela
|
-khwele
|
Plural
|
khwelani
|
-khweleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyakhwela, ngikhwela
|
engikhwelayo, engikhwela
|
ngikhwela
|
angikhweli
|
engingakhweli
|
ngingakhweli
|
2nd singular
|
uyakhwela, ukhwela
|
okhwelayo, okhwela
|
ukhwela
|
awukhweli
|
ongakhweli
|
ungakhweli
|
1st plural
|
siyakhwela, sikhwela
|
esikhwelayo, esikhwela
|
sikhwela
|
asikhweli
|
esingakhweli
|
singakhweli
|
2nd plural
|
niyakhwela, nikhwela
|
enikhwelayo, enikhwela
|
nikhwela
|
anikhweli
|
eningakhweli
|
ningakhweli
|
Class 1
|
uyakhwela, ukhwela
|
okhwelayo, okhwela
|
ekhwela
|
akakhweli
|
ongakhweli
|
engakhweli
|
Class 2
|
bayakhwela, bakhwela
|
abakhwelayo, abakhwela
|
bekhwela
|
abakhweli
|
abangakhweli
|
bengakhweli
|
Class 3
|
uyakhwela, ukhwela
|
okhwelayo, okhwela
|
ukhwela
|
awukhweli
|
ongakhweli
|
ungakhweli
|
Class 4
|
iyakhwela, ikhwela
|
ekhwelayo, ekhwela
|
ikhwela
|
ayikhweli
|
engakhweli
|
ingakhweli
|
Class 5
|
liyakhwela, likhwela
|
elikhwelayo, elikhwela
|
likhwela
|
alikhweli
|
elingakhweli
|
lingakhweli
|
Class 6
|
ayakhwela, akhwela
|
akhwelayo, akhwela
|
ekhwela
|
awakhweli
|
angakhweli
|
engakhweli
|
Class 7
|
siyakhwela, sikhwela
|
esikhwelayo, esikhwela
|
sikhwela
|
asikhweli
|
esingakhweli
|
singakhweli
|
Class 8
|
ziyakhwela, zikhwela
|
ezikhwelayo, ezikhwela
|
zikhwela
|
azikhweli
|
ezingakhweli
|
zingakhweli
|
Class 9
|
iyakhwela, ikhwela
|
ekhwelayo, ekhwela
|
ikhwela
|
ayikhweli
|
engakhweli
|
ingakhweli
|
Class 10
|
ziyakhwela, zikhwela
|
ezikhwelayo, ezikhwela
|
zikhwela
|
azikhweli
|
ezingakhweli
|
zingakhweli
|
Class 11
|
luyakhwela, lukhwela
|
olukhwelayo, olukhwela
|
lukhwela
|
alukhweli
|
olungakhweli
|
lungakhweli
|
Class 14
|
buyakhwela, bukhwela
|
obukhwelayo, obukhwela
|
bukhwela
|
abukhweli
|
obungakhweli
|
bungakhweli
|
Class 15
|
kuyakhwela, kukhwela
|
okukhwelayo, okukhwela
|
kukhwela
|
akukhweli
|
okungakhweli
|
kungakhweli
|
Class 17
|
kuyakhwela, kukhwela
|
okukhwelayo, okukhwela
|
kukhwela
|
akukhweli
|
okungakhweli
|
kungakhweli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngikhwelile, ngikhwelē
|
engikhwelile, engikhwelē
|
ngikhwelile, ngikhwelē
|
angikhwelanga
|
engingakhwelanga
|
ngingakhwelanga
|
2nd singular
|
ukhwelile, ukhwelē
|
okhwelile, okhwelē
|
ukhwelile, ukhwelē
|
awukhwelanga
|
ongakhwelanga
|
ungakhwelanga
|
1st plural
|
sikhwelile, sikhwelē
|
esikhwelile, esikhwelē
|
sikhwelile, sikhwelē
|
asikhwelanga
|
esingakhwelanga
|
singakhwelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nikhwelile, nikhwelē
|
enikhwelile, enikhwelē
|
nikhwelile, nikhwelē
|
anikhwelanga
|
eningakhwelanga
|
ningakhwelanga
|
Class 1
|
ukhwelile, ukhwelē
|
okhwelile, okhwelē
|
ekhwelile, ekhwelē
|
akakhwelanga
|
ongakhwelanga
|
engakhwelanga
|
Class 2
|
bakhwelile, bakhwelē
|
abakhwelile, abakhwelē
|
bekhwelile, bekhwelē
|
abakhwelanga
|
abangakhwelanga
|
bengakhwelanga
|
Class 3
|
ukhwelile, ukhwelē
|
okhwelile, okhwelē
|
ukhwelile, ukhwelē
|
awukhwelanga
|
ongakhwelanga
|
ungakhwelanga
|
Class 4
|
ikhwelile, ikhwelē
|
ekhwelile, ekhwelē
|
ikhwelile, ikhwelē
|
ayikhwelanga
|
engakhwelanga
|
ingakhwelanga
|
Class 5
|
likhwelile, likhwelē
|
elikhwelile, elikhwelē
|
likhwelile, likhwelē
|
alikhwelanga
|
elingakhwelanga
|
lingakhwelanga
|
Class 6
|
akhwelile, akhwelē
|
akhwelile, akhwelē
|
ekhwelile, ekhwelē
|
awakhwelanga
|
angakhwelanga
|
engakhwelanga
|
Class 7
|
sikhwelile, sikhwelē
|
esikhwelile, esikhwelē
|
sikhwelile, sikhwelē
|
asikhwelanga
|
esingakhwelanga
|
singakhwelanga
|
Class 8
|
zikhwelile, zikhwelē
|
ezikhwelile, ezikhwelē
|
zikhwelile, zikhwelē
|
azikhwelanga
|
ezingakhwelanga
|
zingakhwelanga
|
Class 9
|
ikhwelile, ikhwelē
|
ekhwelile, ekhwelē
|
ikhwelile, ikhwelē
|
ayikhwelanga
|
engakhwelanga
|
ingakhwelanga
|
Class 10
|
zikhwelile, zikhwelē
|
ezikhwelile, ezikhwelē
|
zikhwelile, zikhwelē
|
azikhwelanga
|
ezingakhwelanga
|
zingakhwelanga
|
Class 11
|
lukhwelile, lukhwelē
|
olukhwelile, olukhwelē
|
lukhwelile, lukhwelē
|
alukhwelanga
|
olungakhwelanga
|
lungakhwelanga
|
Class 14
|
bukhwelile, bukhwelē
|
obukhwelile, obukhwelē
|
bukhwelile, bukhwelē
|
abukhwelanga
|
obungakhwelanga
|
bungakhwelanga
|
Class 15
|
kukhwelile, kukhwelē
|
okukhwelile, okukhwelē
|
kukhwelile, kukhwelē
|
akukhwelanga
|
okungakhwelanga
|
kungakhwelanga
|
Class 17
|
kukhwelile, kukhwelē
|
okukhwelile, okukhwelē
|
kukhwelile, kukhwelē
|
akukhwelanga
|
okungakhwelanga
|
kungakhwelanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngākhwela
|
engākhwela
|
ngākhwela
|
angikhwelanga
|
engingakhwelanga
|
ngingakhwelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wākhwela
|
owākhwela
|
wākhwela
|
awukhwelanga
|
ongakhwelanga
|
ungakhwelanga
|
1st plural
|
sākhwela
|
esākhwela
|
sākhwela
|
asikhwelanga
|
esingakhwelanga
|
singakhwelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nākhwela
|
enākhwela
|
nākhwela
|
anikhwelanga
|
eningakhwelanga
|
ningakhwelanga
|
Class 1
|
wākhwela
|
owākhwela
|
ākhwela
|
akakhwelanga
|
ongakhwelanga
|
engakhwelanga
|
Class 2
|
bākhwela
|
abākhwela
|
bākhwela
|
abakhwelanga
|
abangakhwelanga
|
bengakhwelanga
|
Class 3
|
wākhwela
|
owākhwela
|
wākhwela
|
awukhwelanga
|
ongakhwelanga
|
ungakhwelanga
|
Class 4
|
yākhwela
|
eyākhwela
|
yākhwela
|
ayikhwelanga
|
engakhwelanga
|
ingakhwelanga
|
Class 5
|
lākhwela
|
elākhwela
|
lākhwela
|
alikhwelanga
|
elingakhwelanga
|
lingakhwelanga
|
Class 6
|
ākhwela
|
ākhwela
|
ākhwela
|
awakhwelanga
|
angakhwelanga
|
engakhwelanga
|
Class 7
|
sākhwela
|
esākhwela
|
sākhwela
|
asikhwelanga
|
esingakhwelanga
|
singakhwelanga
|
Class 8
|
zākhwela
|
ezākhwela
|
zākhwela
|
azikhwelanga
|
ezingakhwelanga
|
zingakhwelanga
|
Class 9
|
yākhwela
|
eyākhwela
|
yākhwela
|
ayikhwelanga
|
engakhwelanga
|
ingakhwelanga
|
Class 10
|
zākhwela
|
ezākhwela
|
zākhwela
|
azikhwelanga
|
ezingakhwelanga
|
zingakhwelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwākhwela
|
olwākhwela
|
lwākhwela
|
alukhwelanga
|
olungakhwelanga
|
lungakhwelanga
|
Class 14
|
bākhwela
|
obākhwela
|
bākhwela
|
abukhwelanga
|
obungakhwelanga
|
bungakhwelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwākhwela
|
okwākhwela
|
kwākhwela
|
akukhwelanga
|
okungakhwelanga
|
kungakhwelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwākhwela
|
okwākhwela
|
kwākhwela
|
akukhwelanga
|
okungakhwelanga
|
kungakhwelanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingakhwela
|
—
|
ngingakhwela
|
ngingekhwele
|
—
|
ngingekhwele
|
2nd singular
|
ungakhwela
|
—
|
ungakhwela
|
ungekhwele
|
—
|
ungekhwele
|
1st plural
|
singakhwela
|
—
|
singakhwela
|
singekhwele
|
—
|
singekhwele
|
2nd plural
|
ningakhwela
|
—
|
ningakhwela
|
ningekhwele
|
—
|
ningekhwele
|
Class 1
|
angakhwela
|
—
|
engakhwela
|
angekhwele
|
—
|
engekhwele
|
Class 2
|
bangakhwela
|
—
|
bengakhwela
|
bangekhwele
|
—
|
bengekhwele
|
Class 3
|
ungakhwela
|
—
|
ungakhwela
|
ungekhwele
|
—
|
ungekhwele
|
Class 4
|
ingakhwela
|
—
|
ingakhwela
|
ingekhwele
|
—
|
ingekhwele
|
Class 5
|
lingakhwela
|
—
|
lingakhwela
|
lingekhwele
|
—
|
lingekhwele
|
Class 6
|
angakhwela
|
—
|
engakhwela
|
angekhwele
|
—
|
engekhwele
|
Class 7
|
singakhwela
|
—
|
singakhwela
|
singekhwele
|
—
|
singekhwele
|
Class 8
|
zingakhwela
|
—
|
zingakhwela
|
zingekhwele
|
—
|
zingekhwele
|
Class 9
|
ingakhwela
|
—
|
ingakhwela
|
ingekhwele
|
—
|
ingekhwele
|
Class 10
|
zingakhwela
|
—
|
zingakhwela
|
zingekhwele
|
—
|
zingekhwele
|
Class 11
|
lungakhwela
|
—
|
lungakhwela
|
lungekhwele
|
—
|
lungekhwele
|
Class 14
|
bungakhwela
|
—
|
bungakhwela
|
bungekhwele
|
—
|
bungekhwele
|
Class 15
|
kungakhwela
|
—
|
kungakhwela
|
kungekhwele
|
—
|
kungekhwele
|
Class 17
|
kungakhwela
|
—
|
kungakhwela
|
kungekhwele
|
—
|
kungekhwele
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokhwela
|
engizokhwela
|
ngizokhwela
|
angizukhwela
|
engingezukhwela
|
ngingezukhwela
|
2nd singular
|
uzokhwela
|
ozokhwela
|
uzokhwela
|
awuzukhwela
|
ongezukhwela
|
ungezukhwela
|
1st plural
|
sizokhwela
|
esizokhwela
|
sizokhwela
|
asizukhwela
|
esingezukhwela
|
singezukhwela
|
2nd plural
|
nizokhwela
|
enizokhwela
|
nizokhwela
|
anizukhwela
|
eningezukhwela
|
ningezukhwela
|
Class 1
|
uzokhwela
|
ozokhwela
|
ezokhwela
|
akazukhwela
|
ongezukhwela
|
engezukhwela
|
Class 2
|
bazokhwela
|
abazokhwela
|
bezokhwela
|
abazukhwela
|
abangezukhwela
|
bengezukhwela
|
Class 3
|
uzokhwela
|
ozokhwela
|
uzokhwela
|
awuzukhwela
|
ongezukhwela
|
ungezukhwela
|
Class 4
|
izokhwela
|
ezokhwela
|
izokhwela
|
ayizukhwela
|
engezukhwela
|
ingezukhwela
|
Class 5
|
lizokhwela
|
elizokhwela
|
lizokhwela
|
alizukhwela
|
elingezukhwela
|
lingezukhwela
|
Class 6
|
azokhwela
|
azokhwela
|
ezokhwela
|
awazukhwela
|
angezukhwela
|
engezukhwela
|
Class 7
|
sizokhwela
|
esizokhwela
|
sizokhwela
|
asizukhwela
|
esingezukhwela
|
singezukhwela
|
Class 8
|
zizokhwela
|
ezizokhwela
|
zizokhwela
|
azizukhwela
|
ezingezukhwela
|
zingezukhwela
|
Class 9
|
izokhwela
|
ezokhwela
|
izokhwela
|
ayizukhwela
|
engezukhwela
|
ingezukhwela
|
Class 10
|
zizokhwela
|
ezizokhwela
|
zizokhwela
|
azizukhwela
|
ezingezukhwela
|
zingezukhwela
|
Class 11
|
luzokhwela
|
oluzokhwela
|
luzokhwela
|
aluzukhwela
|
olungezukhwela
|
lungezukhwela
|
Class 14
|
buzokhwela
|
obuzokhwela
|
buzokhwela
|
abuzukhwela
|
obungezukhwela
|
bungezukhwela
|
Class 15
|
kuzokhwela
|
okuzokhwela
|
kuzokhwela
|
akuzukhwela
|
okungezukhwela
|
kungezukhwela
|
Class 17
|
kuzokhwela
|
okuzokhwela
|
kuzokhwela
|
akuzukhwela
|
okungezukhwela
|
kungezukhwela
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokhwela
|
engiyokhwela
|
ngiyokhwela
|
angiyukhwela
|
engingeyukhwela
|
ngingeyukhwela
|
2nd singular
|
uyokhwela
|
oyokhwela
|
uyokhwela
|
awuyukhwela
|
ongeyukhwela
|
ungeyukhwela
|
1st plural
|
siyokhwela
|
esiyokhwela
|
siyokhwela
|
asiyukhwela
|
esingeyukhwela
|
singeyukhwela
|
2nd plural
|
niyokhwela
|
eniyokhwela
|
niyokhwela
|
aniyukhwela
|
eningeyukhwela
|
ningeyukhwela
|
Class 1
|
uyokhwela
|
oyokhwela
|
eyokhwela
|
akayukhwela
|
ongeyukhwela
|
engeyukhwela
|
Class 2
|
bayokhwela
|
abayokhwela
|
beyokhwela
|
abayukhwela
|
abangeyukhwela
|
bengeyukhwela
|
Class 3
|
uyokhwela
|
oyokhwela
|
uyokhwela
|
awuyukhwela
|
ongeyukhwela
|
ungeyukhwela
|
Class 4
|
iyokhwela
|
eyokhwela
|
iyokhwela
|
ayiyukhwela
|
engeyukhwela
|
ingeyukhwela
|
Class 5
|
liyokhwela
|
eliyokhwela
|
liyokhwela
|
aliyukhwela
|
elingeyukhwela
|
lingeyukhwela
|
Class 6
|
ayokhwela
|
ayokhwela
|
eyokhwela
|
awayukhwela
|
angeyukhwela
|
engeyukhwela
|
Class 7
|
siyokhwela
|
esiyokhwela
|
siyokhwela
|
asiyukhwela
|
esingeyukhwela
|
singeyukhwela
|
Class 8
|
ziyokhwela
|
eziyokhwela
|
ziyokhwela
|
aziyukhwela
|
ezingeyukhwela
|
zingeyukhwela
|
Class 9
|
iyokhwela
|
eyokhwela
|
iyokhwela
|
ayiyukhwela
|
engeyukhwela
|
ingeyukhwela
|
Class 10
|
ziyokhwela
|
eziyokhwela
|
ziyokhwela
|
aziyukhwela
|
ezingeyukhwela
|
zingeyukhwela
|
Class 11
|
luyokhwela
|
oluyokhwela
|
luyokhwela
|
aluyukhwela
|
olungeyukhwela
|
lungeyukhwela
|
Class 14
|
buyokhwela
|
obuyokhwela
|
buyokhwela
|
abuyukhwela
|
obungeyukhwela
|
bungeyukhwela
|
Class 15
|
kuyokhwela
|
okuyokhwela
|
kuyokhwela
|
akuyukhwela
|
okungeyukhwela
|
kungeyukhwela
|
Class 17
|
kuyokhwela
|
okuyokhwela
|
kuyokhwela
|
akuyukhwela
|
okungeyukhwela
|
kungeyukhwela
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngikhwele
|
ngingakhweli
|
2nd singular
|
ukhwele
|
ungakhweli
|
1st plural
|
sikhwele
|
singakhweli
|
2nd plural
|
nikhwele
|
ningakhweli
|
Class 1
|
akhwele
|
angakhweli
|
Class 2
|
bakhwele
|
bangakhweli
|
Class 3
|
ukhwele
|
ungakhweli
|
Class 4
|
ikhwele
|
ingakhweli
|
Class 5
|
likhwele
|
lingakhweli
|
Class 6
|
akhwele
|
angakhweli
|
Class 7
|
sikhwele
|
singakhweli
|
Class 8
|
zikhwele
|
zingakhweli
|
Class 9
|
ikhwele
|
ingakhweli
|
Class 10
|
zikhwele
|
zingakhweli
|
Class 11
|
lukhwele
|
lungakhweli
|
Class 14
|
bukhwele
|
bungakhweli
|
Class 15
|
kukhwele
|
kungakhweli
|
Class 17
|
kukhwele
|
kungakhweli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngakhwela
|
ngangakhwela, angakhwela, angangakhwela
|
2nd singular
|
wakhwela
|
wangakhwela, awakhwela, awangakhwela
|
1st plural
|
sakhwela
|
sangakhwela, asakhwela, asangakhwela
|
2nd plural
|
nakhwela
|
nangakhwela, anakhwela, anangakhwela
|
Class 1
|
wakhwela
|
wangakhwela, akakhwela, akangakhwela
|
Class 2
|
bakhwela
|
bangakhwela, abakhwela, abangakhwela
|
Class 3
|
wakhwela
|
wangakhwela, awakhwela, awangakhwela
|
Class 4
|
yakhwela
|
yangakhwela, ayakhwela, ayangakhwela
|
Class 5
|
lakhwela
|
langakhwela, alakhwela, alangakhwela
|
Class 6
|
akhwela
|
angakhwela, awakhwela, awangakhwela
|
Class 7
|
sakhwela
|
sangakhwela, asakhwela, asangakhwela
|
Class 8
|
zakhwela
|
zangakhwela, azakhwela, azangakhwela
|
Class 9
|
yakhwela
|
yangakhwela, ayakhwela, ayangakhwela
|
Class 10
|
zakhwela
|
zangakhwela, azakhwela, azangakhwela
|
Class 11
|
lwakhwela
|
lwangakhwela, alwakhwela, alwangakhwela
|
Class 14
|
bakhwela
|
bangakhwela, abakhwela, abangakhwela
|
Class 15
|
kwakhwela
|
kwangakhwela, akwakhwela, akwangakhwela
|
Class 17
|
kwakhwela
|
kwangakhwela, akwakhwela, akwangakhwela
|