ljósta
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse ljósta, from Proto-Germanic *leustaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ljósta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative laust, third-person plural past indicative lustu, supine lostið)
- (somewhat archaic or poetic) to hit, to strike
- Eldingu laust niður í fánastöngina í óveðrinu í gærkvöld.
- Lightning struck through the flagpole in the storm yesterday evening.
Usage notes edit
This verb is somewhat archaic or poetic, and its use in everyday language is mostly limited to references to lightning strikes and the set phrases skelfingu lostinn (“horror-stricken”), and steini lostinn (“awestruck, stone-stricken”).
Conjugation edit
ljósta — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að ljósta | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
lostið | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
ljóstandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég lýst | við ljóstum | present (nútíð) |
ég ljósti | við ljóstum |
| þú lýstur | þið ljóstið | þú ljóstir | þið ljóstið | ||
| hann, hún, það lýstur | þeir, þær, þau ljósta | hann, hún, það ljósti | þeir, þær, þau ljósti | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég laust | við lustum | past (þátíð) |
ég lysti | við lystum |
| þú laust | þið lustuð | þú lystir | þið lystuð | ||
| hann, hún, það laust | þeir, þær, þau lustu | hann, hún, það lysti | þeir, þær, þau lystu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
ljóst (þú) | ljóstið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| ljóstu | ljóstiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
lostinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
lostinn | lostin | lostið | lostnir | lostnar | lostin | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
lostinn | lostna | lostið | lostna | lostnar | lostin | |
| dative (þágufall) |
lostnum | lostinni | lostnu | lostnum | lostnum | lostnum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
lostins | lostinnar | lostins | lostinna | lostinna | lostinna | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
lostni | lostna | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
lostna | lostnu | lostna | lostnu | lostnu | lostnu | |
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *leustaną.
Verb edit
ljósta (singular past indicative laust, plural past indicative lustu, past participle lostinn)
- to strike, smite
- to strike, hit (with a spear, arrow)
- (impersonal)
- laust í bardaga með þeim mikinn
- it came to a great battle between them
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of ljósta — active (strong class 2)
| infinitive | ljósta | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | ljóstandi | |
| past participle | lostinn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | lýst | laust |
| 2nd-person singular | lýstr | laustt |
| 3rd-person singular | lýstr | laust |
| 1st-person plural | ljóstum | lustum |
| 2nd-person plural | ljóstið | lustuð |
| 3rd-person plural | ljósta | lustu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | ljósta | lysta |
| 2nd-person singular | ljóstir | lystir |
| 3rd-person singular | ljósti | lysti |
| 1st-person plural | ljóstim | lystim |
| 2nd-person plural | ljóstið | lystið |
| 3rd-person plural | ljósti | lysti |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | ljóst | |
| 1st-person plural | ljóstum | |
| 2nd-person plural | ljóstið | |
Conjugation of ljósta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
| infinitive | ljóstask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | ljóstandisk | |
| past participle | lostizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | ljóstumk | lustumk |
| 2nd-person singular | lýszk | lauszk |
| 3rd-person singular | lýszk | lauszk |
| 1st-person plural | ljóstumsk | lustumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | ljóstizk | lustuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | ljóstask | lustusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | ljóstumk | lystumk |
| 2nd-person singular | ljóstisk | lystisk |
| 3rd-person singular | ljóstisk | lystisk |
| 1st-person plural | ljóstimsk | lystimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | ljóstizk | lystizk |
| 3rd-person plural | ljóstisk | lystisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | ljószk | |
| 1st-person plural | ljóstumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | ljóstizk | |
Descendants edit
References edit
- “ljósta”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press