lošák

Czech edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Polish łosiak, from łoś (“elk”).^[1] Introduced into Czech by the botanist Jan Svatopluk Presl in 1846.^[2] The name probably reflects the colour of some of the representatives of these mushrooms, such as Sarcodon imbricatus^{WP WSp Commons} (Czech lošák jelení).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ˈloʃaːk]
Rhymes: -ʃaːk
Hyphenation: lo‧šák

Noun edit

lošák m inan

certain tooth fungi:
1. Hydnum (genus of fungi in the family Hydnaceae) [19th c.]
  Synonym: lišák
2. Sarcodon (genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae)

Usage notes edit

Although the word lošák should be declined as masculine inanimate, in practical colloquial usage the animate declension also sometimes appears.^[3]

The species belonging to the genera Hydnum and Sarcodon were originally classified as one genus (Hydnum), called lošák in Czech. After the two genera split and received different scientific names, the Czech name lošák has remained in usage for both of them, although many Czech mycologists have preferred calling the fungi of the genus Hydnum lišák, reserving the name lošák for the fungi of the genus Sarcodon.

Declension edit

inanimate:

Declension of lošák (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	lošák	lošáky
genitive	lošáku	lošáků
dative	lošáku	lošákům
accusative	lošák	lošáky
vocative	lošáku	lošáky
locative	lošáku	lošácích
instrumental	lošákem	lošáky

animate:

Declension of lošák (velar masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	lošák	lošáci
genitive	lošáka	lošáků
dative	lošákovi, lošáku	lošákům
accusative	lošáka	lošáky
vocative	lošáku	lošáci
locative	lošákovi, lošáku	lošácích
instrumental	lošákem	lošáky

Hypernyms edit

(genus Hydnum): houby – kingdom; stopkovýtrusné – division; rouškaté – class; liškotvaré – order; lišákovité – family
(genus Sarcodon): houby – kingdom; stopkovýtrusné – division; rouškaté – class; plesňákotvaré – order; bělozubovité – family

Hyponyms edit

(genus Hydnum): lišák bělavý, lišák ryšavý, lišák zprohýbaný – species
(genus Sarcodon): lošák balzámový, lošák fialový, lošák finský, lošák hladký, lošák hořký, lošák jelení, lošák Lundellův, lošák sivonohý, lošák šupinatý – species

Derived terms edit

References edit

^ "lošák" in Václav Machek, Etymologický slovník jazyka českého, Academia, 1968, page 340.
^ "lošák" in Jan Swatopluk Presl, Wšeobecný rostlinopis, Kronbergr a Řiwnáč, 1846, page 1919.
^ Z našich časopisů, Naše řeč, volume 30 (1946), issue 2–3