meddalu
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /mɛˈðalɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /mɛˈða(ː)li/
- Rhymes: -alɨ̞
Verb edit
meddalu (first-person singular present meddalaf) (transitive, intransitive)
- to soften (literally of figuratively)
- Antonym: caledu
- (linguistics) to soften, to lenite
- Antonym: caledu
Conjugation edit
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | meddalaf | meddeli | meddala | meddalwn | meddelwch, meddalwch | meddalant | meddelir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
meddalwn | meddalit | meddalai | meddalem | meddalech | meddalent | meddelid | |
| preterite | meddelais | meddelaist | meddalodd | meddalasom | meddalasoch | meddalasant | meddalwyd | |
| pluperfect | meddalaswn | meddalasit | meddalasai | meddalasem | meddalasech | meddalasent | meddalasid, meddalesid | |
| present subjunctive | meddalwyf | meddelych | meddalo | meddalom | meddaloch | meddalont | meddaler | |
| imperative | — | -, meddala | meddaled | meddalwn | meddelwch, meddalwch | meddalent | meddaler | |
| verbal noun | meddalu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | meddaledig meddaladwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | meddala i, meddalaf i | meddali di | meddalith o/e/hi, meddaliff e/hi | meddalwn ni | meddalwch chi | meddalan nhw |
| conditional | meddalwn i, meddalswn i | meddalet ti, meddalset ti | meddalai fo/fe/hi, meddalsai fo/fe/hi | meddalen ni, meddalsen ni | meddalech chi, meddalsech chi | meddalen nhw, meddalsen nhw |
| preterite | meddalais i, meddales i | meddalaist ti, meddalest ti | meddalodd o/e/hi | meddalon ni | meddaloch chi | meddalon nhw |
| imperative | — | meddala | — | — | meddalwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms edit
- meddaliad (“lenition”)
Related terms edit
- treiglo (“to mutate”)
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| meddalu | feddalu | unchanged | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “meddalu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies