miễn cưỡng

Vietnamese edit

Etymology edit

Sino-Vietnamese word from 勉強, composed of 勉 (“to force”) and 強 (“to compel”), from Literary Chinese 勉強 (“to compel; compelled; reluctant”). Compare Japanese 勉強 (benkyō, “self-imposed work; study; learning”).

Pronunciation edit

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [miən˦ˀ˥ kɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [miəŋ˧˨ kɨəŋ˧˨]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [miəŋ˨˩˦ kɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Adjective edit

miễn cưỡng

unwilling; reluctant

Adverb edit

miễn cưỡng

unwillingly; reluctantly

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