pḥ

See also: ph, Ph, PH, pH, .ph, and P&H

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /paːħ/ → /paːħ/ → /paːħ/ → /poːħ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /paːħ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /paːħ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /paːħ/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /poːħ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɛh/
  • Conventional anglicization: peh

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to reach (a place or person)
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Coffin Texts, version S1P (outer coffin of Nakhti, Louvre E 11981) spell 148, lines 121–122:

     jnk ḥr ms.n ꜣst jry mkt.f m ẖnw swḥt nj ꜣd wj hh n(j) r(ꜣ).ṯn nj pḥ.n wj ḏdt.ṯn r.j

     I am Horus, born of Isis, whose protection was made within the egg: the fiery breath of your mouths will not rage against me, and what you may say against me cannot reach me.

   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 1–3:

     wḏꜣ jb.k ḥꜣt(j)-ꜥ m.k pḥ.n.n ẖnw

     Satisfy yourself (literally, “May your heart be sound”), high official: look, we have reached home.

2. (transitive) to attack

Inflection

Conjugation of pḥ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: pḥ, geminated stem: pḥḥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
pḥ	pḥw, pḥ	pḥt	pḥ, j.pḥ	pḥ, j.pḥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
pḥ	ḥr pḥ	m pḥ	r pḥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	pḥ.n	pḥw, pḥ	consecutive	pḥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	pḥt
perfective3	pḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	pḥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	pḥ, j.pḥ1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	pḥ	pḥḥ	potentialis1	pḥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	pḥ, j.pḥ1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	pḥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	pḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	pḥ	pḥḥ, pḥḥj6, pḥ2, pḥw2 5, pḥy2 5
imperfective	j.pḥ1, pḥ, pḥy, pḥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.pḥ1, j.pḥw1 5, pḥ, pḥj6, pḥy6	pḥ, pḥw5
prospective	pḥ, pḥtj7	—	pḥtj4, pḥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of pḥ  

pḥ

Related terms

• pḥwj
• pḥtj

 

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲡⲱϩ (pōh)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲟϩ (phoh)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲡⲱϩ (pōh), ⲡⲟϩ (poh), ⲡⲉϩ (peh)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲱϩ (pōh), (unstressed, as an auxiliary) ⲡϩ (ph)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 229.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 97