painajainen
Finnish
editEtymology
editpainaa (“to press”) + -jainen – originally, painajainen was a demon that sat on a sleeping person's chest, thus pressing it and causing bad dreams.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈpɑi̯nɑjɑi̯nen/, [ˈpɑ̝i̯nɑ̝ˌjɑ̝i̯ne̞n]
- Rhymes: -ɑinen
- Syllabification(key): pai‧na‧jai‧nen
Noun
editpainajainen
- (mythology) nightmare (demon)
- nightmare (bad dream)
- nähdä painajaista ― to see a nightmare
- nightmare (bad experience)
Declension
editInflection of painajainen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | painajainen | painajaiset | |
genitive | painajaisen | painajaisten painajaisien | |
partitive | painajaista | painajaisia | |
illative | painajaiseen | painajaisiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | painajainen | painajaiset | |
accusative | nom. | painajainen | painajaiset |
gen. | painajaisen | ||
genitive | painajaisen | painajaisten painajaisien | |
partitive | painajaista | painajaisia | |
inessive | painajaisessa | painajaisissa | |
elative | painajaisesta | painajaisista | |
illative | painajaiseen | painajaisiin | |
adessive | painajaisella | painajaisilla | |
ablative | painajaiselta | painajaisilta | |
allative | painajaiselle | painajaisille | |
essive | painajaisena | painajaisina | |
translative | painajaiseksi | painajaisiksi | |
abessive | painajaisetta | painajaisitta | |
instructive | — | painajaisin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms
edit- (demon): mara (in Western dialects), ajajainen
- (bad dream): painajaisuni
Derived terms
editcompounds
Descendants
edit- → Karelian: (calque)
- North Karelian: painajaini
See also
editFurther reading
edit- “painajainen”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03