Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukuphothula
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuphothula
|
ukungaphothuli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
phothula
|
-phothule
|
Plural
|
phothulani
|
-phothuleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyaphothula, ngiphothula
|
engiphothulayo, engiphothula
|
ngiphothula
|
angiphothuli
|
engingaphothuli
|
ngingaphothuli
|
2nd singular
|
uyaphothula, uphothula
|
ophothulayo, ophothula
|
uphothula
|
awuphothuli
|
ongaphothuli
|
ungaphothuli
|
1st plural
|
siyaphothula, siphothula
|
esiphothulayo, esiphothula
|
siphothula
|
asiphothuli
|
esingaphothuli
|
singaphothuli
|
2nd plural
|
niyaphothula, niphothula
|
eniphothulayo, eniphothula
|
niphothula
|
aniphothuli
|
eningaphothuli
|
ningaphothuli
|
Class 1
|
uyaphothula, uphothula
|
ophothulayo, ophothula
|
ephothula
|
akaphothuli
|
ongaphothuli
|
engaphothuli
|
Class 2
|
bayaphothula, baphothula
|
abaphothulayo, abaphothula
|
bephothula
|
abaphothuli
|
abangaphothuli
|
bengaphothuli
|
Class 3
|
uyaphothula, uphothula
|
ophothulayo, ophothula
|
uphothula
|
awuphothuli
|
ongaphothuli
|
ungaphothuli
|
Class 4
|
iyaphothula, iphothula
|
ephothulayo, ephothula
|
iphothula
|
ayiphothuli
|
engaphothuli
|
ingaphothuli
|
Class 5
|
liyaphothula, liphothula
|
eliphothulayo, eliphothula
|
liphothula
|
aliphothuli
|
elingaphothuli
|
lingaphothuli
|
Class 6
|
ayaphothula, aphothula
|
aphothulayo, aphothula
|
ephothula
|
awaphothuli
|
angaphothuli
|
engaphothuli
|
Class 7
|
siyaphothula, siphothula
|
esiphothulayo, esiphothula
|
siphothula
|
asiphothuli
|
esingaphothuli
|
singaphothuli
|
Class 8
|
ziyaphothula, ziphothula
|
eziphothulayo, eziphothula
|
ziphothula
|
aziphothuli
|
ezingaphothuli
|
zingaphothuli
|
Class 9
|
iyaphothula, iphothula
|
ephothulayo, ephothula
|
iphothula
|
ayiphothuli
|
engaphothuli
|
ingaphothuli
|
Class 10
|
ziyaphothula, ziphothula
|
eziphothulayo, eziphothula
|
ziphothula
|
aziphothuli
|
ezingaphothuli
|
zingaphothuli
|
Class 11
|
luyaphothula, luphothula
|
oluphothulayo, oluphothula
|
luphothula
|
aluphothuli
|
olungaphothuli
|
lungaphothuli
|
Class 14
|
buyaphothula, buphothula
|
obuphothulayo, obuphothula
|
buphothula
|
abuphothuli
|
obungaphothuli
|
bungaphothuli
|
Class 15
|
kuyaphothula, kuphothula
|
okuphothulayo, okuphothula
|
kuphothula
|
akuphothuli
|
okungaphothuli
|
kungaphothuli
|
Class 17
|
kuyaphothula, kuphothula
|
okuphothulayo, okuphothula
|
kuphothula
|
akuphothuli
|
okungaphothuli
|
kungaphothuli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiphothulile, ngiphothulē
|
engiphothulile, engiphothulē
|
ngiphothulile, ngiphothulē
|
angiphothulanga
|
engingaphothulanga
|
ngingaphothulanga
|
2nd singular
|
uphothulile, uphothulē
|
ophothulile, ophothulē
|
uphothulile, uphothulē
|
awuphothulanga
|
ongaphothulanga
|
ungaphothulanga
|
1st plural
|
siphothulile, siphothulē
|
esiphothulile, esiphothulē
|
siphothulile, siphothulē
|
asiphothulanga
|
esingaphothulanga
|
singaphothulanga
|
2nd plural
|
niphothulile, niphothulē
|
eniphothulile, eniphothulē
|
niphothulile, niphothulē
|
aniphothulanga
|
eningaphothulanga
|
ningaphothulanga
|
Class 1
|
uphothulile, uphothulē
|
ophothulile, ophothulē
|
ephothulile, ephothulē
|
akaphothulanga
|
ongaphothulanga
|
engaphothulanga
|
Class 2
|
baphothulile, baphothulē
|
abaphothulile, abaphothulē
|
bephothulile, bephothulē
|
abaphothulanga
|
abangaphothulanga
|
bengaphothulanga
|
Class 3
|
uphothulile, uphothulē
|
ophothulile, ophothulē
|
uphothulile, uphothulē
|
awuphothulanga
|
ongaphothulanga
|
ungaphothulanga
|
Class 4
|
iphothulile, iphothulē
|
ephothulile, ephothulē
|
iphothulile, iphothulē
|
ayiphothulanga
|
engaphothulanga
|
ingaphothulanga
|
Class 5
|
liphothulile, liphothulē
|
eliphothulile, eliphothulē
|
liphothulile, liphothulē
|
aliphothulanga
|
elingaphothulanga
|
lingaphothulanga
|
Class 6
|
aphothulile, aphothulē
|
aphothulile, aphothulē
|
ephothulile, ephothulē
|
awaphothulanga
|
angaphothulanga
|
engaphothulanga
|
Class 7
|
siphothulile, siphothulē
|
esiphothulile, esiphothulē
|
siphothulile, siphothulē
|
asiphothulanga
|
esingaphothulanga
|
singaphothulanga
|
Class 8
|
ziphothulile, ziphothulē
|
eziphothulile, eziphothulē
|
ziphothulile, ziphothulē
|
aziphothulanga
|
ezingaphothulanga
|
zingaphothulanga
|
Class 9
|
iphothulile, iphothulē
|
ephothulile, ephothulē
|
iphothulile, iphothulē
|
ayiphothulanga
|
engaphothulanga
|
ingaphothulanga
|
Class 10
|
ziphothulile, ziphothulē
|
eziphothulile, eziphothulē
|
ziphothulile, ziphothulē
|
aziphothulanga
|
ezingaphothulanga
|
zingaphothulanga
|
Class 11
|
luphothulile, luphothulē
|
oluphothulile, oluphothulē
|
luphothulile, luphothulē
|
aluphothulanga
|
olungaphothulanga
|
lungaphothulanga
|
Class 14
|
buphothulile, buphothulē
|
obuphothulile, obuphothulē
|
buphothulile, buphothulē
|
abuphothulanga
|
obungaphothulanga
|
bungaphothulanga
|
Class 15
|
kuphothulile, kuphothulē
|
okuphothulile, okuphothulē
|
kuphothulile, kuphothulē
|
akuphothulanga
|
okungaphothulanga
|
kungaphothulanga
|
Class 17
|
kuphothulile, kuphothulē
|
okuphothulile, okuphothulē
|
kuphothulile, kuphothulē
|
akuphothulanga
|
okungaphothulanga
|
kungaphothulanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāphothula
|
engāphothula
|
ngāphothula
|
angiphothulanga
|
engingaphothulanga
|
ngingaphothulanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāphothula
|
owāphothula
|
wāphothula
|
awuphothulanga
|
ongaphothulanga
|
ungaphothulanga
|
1st plural
|
sāphothula
|
esāphothula
|
sāphothula
|
asiphothulanga
|
esingaphothulanga
|
singaphothulanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāphothula
|
enāphothula
|
nāphothula
|
aniphothulanga
|
eningaphothulanga
|
ningaphothulanga
|
Class 1
|
wāphothula
|
owāphothula
|
āphothula
|
akaphothulanga
|
ongaphothulanga
|
engaphothulanga
|
Class 2
|
bāphothula
|
abāphothula
|
bāphothula
|
abaphothulanga
|
abangaphothulanga
|
bengaphothulanga
|
Class 3
|
wāphothula
|
owāphothula
|
wāphothula
|
awuphothulanga
|
ongaphothulanga
|
ungaphothulanga
|
Class 4
|
yāphothula
|
eyāphothula
|
yāphothula
|
ayiphothulanga
|
engaphothulanga
|
ingaphothulanga
|
Class 5
|
lāphothula
|
elāphothula
|
lāphothula
|
aliphothulanga
|
elingaphothulanga
|
lingaphothulanga
|
Class 6
|
āphothula
|
āphothula
|
āphothula
|
awaphothulanga
|
angaphothulanga
|
engaphothulanga
|
Class 7
|
sāphothula
|
esāphothula
|
sāphothula
|
asiphothulanga
|
esingaphothulanga
|
singaphothulanga
|
Class 8
|
zāphothula
|
ezāphothula
|
zāphothula
|
aziphothulanga
|
ezingaphothulanga
|
zingaphothulanga
|
Class 9
|
yāphothula
|
eyāphothula
|
yāphothula
|
ayiphothulanga
|
engaphothulanga
|
ingaphothulanga
|
Class 10
|
zāphothula
|
ezāphothula
|
zāphothula
|
aziphothulanga
|
ezingaphothulanga
|
zingaphothulanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāphothula
|
olwāphothula
|
lwāphothula
|
aluphothulanga
|
olungaphothulanga
|
lungaphothulanga
|
Class 14
|
bāphothula
|
obāphothula
|
bāphothula
|
abuphothulanga
|
obungaphothulanga
|
bungaphothulanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāphothula
|
okwāphothula
|
kwāphothula
|
akuphothulanga
|
okungaphothulanga
|
kungaphothulanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāphothula
|
okwāphothula
|
kwāphothula
|
akuphothulanga
|
okungaphothulanga
|
kungaphothulanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingaphothula
|
—
|
ngingaphothula
|
ngingephothule
|
—
|
ngingephothule
|
2nd singular
|
ungaphothula
|
—
|
ungaphothula
|
ungephothule
|
—
|
ungephothule
|
1st plural
|
singaphothula
|
—
|
singaphothula
|
singephothule
|
—
|
singephothule
|
2nd plural
|
ningaphothula
|
—
|
ningaphothula
|
ningephothule
|
—
|
ningephothule
|
Class 1
|
angaphothula
|
—
|
engaphothula
|
angephothule
|
—
|
engephothule
|
Class 2
|
bangaphothula
|
—
|
bengaphothula
|
bangephothule
|
—
|
bengephothule
|
Class 3
|
ungaphothula
|
—
|
ungaphothula
|
ungephothule
|
—
|
ungephothule
|
Class 4
|
ingaphothula
|
—
|
ingaphothula
|
ingephothule
|
—
|
ingephothule
|
Class 5
|
lingaphothula
|
—
|
lingaphothula
|
lingephothule
|
—
|
lingephothule
|
Class 6
|
angaphothula
|
—
|
engaphothula
|
angephothule
|
—
|
engephothule
|
Class 7
|
singaphothula
|
—
|
singaphothula
|
singephothule
|
—
|
singephothule
|
Class 8
|
zingaphothula
|
—
|
zingaphothula
|
zingephothule
|
—
|
zingephothule
|
Class 9
|
ingaphothula
|
—
|
ingaphothula
|
ingephothule
|
—
|
ingephothule
|
Class 10
|
zingaphothula
|
—
|
zingaphothula
|
zingephothule
|
—
|
zingephothule
|
Class 11
|
lungaphothula
|
—
|
lungaphothula
|
lungephothule
|
—
|
lungephothule
|
Class 14
|
bungaphothula
|
—
|
bungaphothula
|
bungephothule
|
—
|
bungephothule
|
Class 15
|
kungaphothula
|
—
|
kungaphothula
|
kungephothule
|
—
|
kungephothule
|
Class 17
|
kungaphothula
|
—
|
kungaphothula
|
kungephothule
|
—
|
kungephothule
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizophothula
|
engizophothula
|
ngizophothula
|
angizuphothula
|
engingezuphothula
|
ngingezuphothula
|
2nd singular
|
uzophothula
|
ozophothula
|
uzophothula
|
awuzuphothula
|
ongezuphothula
|
ungezuphothula
|
1st plural
|
sizophothula
|
esizophothula
|
sizophothula
|
asizuphothula
|
esingezuphothula
|
singezuphothula
|
2nd plural
|
nizophothula
|
enizophothula
|
nizophothula
|
anizuphothula
|
eningezuphothula
|
ningezuphothula
|
Class 1
|
uzophothula
|
ozophothula
|
ezophothula
|
akazuphothula
|
ongezuphothula
|
engezuphothula
|
Class 2
|
bazophothula
|
abazophothula
|
bezophothula
|
abazuphothula
|
abangezuphothula
|
bengezuphothula
|
Class 3
|
uzophothula
|
ozophothula
|
uzophothula
|
awuzuphothula
|
ongezuphothula
|
ungezuphothula
|
Class 4
|
izophothula
|
ezophothula
|
izophothula
|
ayizuphothula
|
engezuphothula
|
ingezuphothula
|
Class 5
|
lizophothula
|
elizophothula
|
lizophothula
|
alizuphothula
|
elingezuphothula
|
lingezuphothula
|
Class 6
|
azophothula
|
azophothula
|
ezophothula
|
awazuphothula
|
angezuphothula
|
engezuphothula
|
Class 7
|
sizophothula
|
esizophothula
|
sizophothula
|
asizuphothula
|
esingezuphothula
|
singezuphothula
|
Class 8
|
zizophothula
|
ezizophothula
|
zizophothula
|
azizuphothula
|
ezingezuphothula
|
zingezuphothula
|
Class 9
|
izophothula
|
ezophothula
|
izophothula
|
ayizuphothula
|
engezuphothula
|
ingezuphothula
|
Class 10
|
zizophothula
|
ezizophothula
|
zizophothula
|
azizuphothula
|
ezingezuphothula
|
zingezuphothula
|
Class 11
|
luzophothula
|
oluzophothula
|
luzophothula
|
aluzuphothula
|
olungezuphothula
|
lungezuphothula
|
Class 14
|
buzophothula
|
obuzophothula
|
buzophothula
|
abuzuphothula
|
obungezuphothula
|
bungezuphothula
|
Class 15
|
kuzophothula
|
okuzophothula
|
kuzophothula
|
akuzuphothula
|
okungezuphothula
|
kungezuphothula
|
Class 17
|
kuzophothula
|
okuzophothula
|
kuzophothula
|
akuzuphothula
|
okungezuphothula
|
kungezuphothula
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyophothula
|
engiyophothula
|
ngiyophothula
|
angiyuphothula
|
engingeyuphothula
|
ngingeyuphothula
|
2nd singular
|
uyophothula
|
oyophothula
|
uyophothula
|
awuyuphothula
|
ongeyuphothula
|
ungeyuphothula
|
1st plural
|
siyophothula
|
esiyophothula
|
siyophothula
|
asiyuphothula
|
esingeyuphothula
|
singeyuphothula
|
2nd plural
|
niyophothula
|
eniyophothula
|
niyophothula
|
aniyuphothula
|
eningeyuphothula
|
ningeyuphothula
|
Class 1
|
uyophothula
|
oyophothula
|
eyophothula
|
akayuphothula
|
ongeyuphothula
|
engeyuphothula
|
Class 2
|
bayophothula
|
abayophothula
|
beyophothula
|
abayuphothula
|
abangeyuphothula
|
bengeyuphothula
|
Class 3
|
uyophothula
|
oyophothula
|
uyophothula
|
awuyuphothula
|
ongeyuphothula
|
ungeyuphothula
|
Class 4
|
iyophothula
|
eyophothula
|
iyophothula
|
ayiyuphothula
|
engeyuphothula
|
ingeyuphothula
|
Class 5
|
liyophothula
|
eliyophothula
|
liyophothula
|
aliyuphothula
|
elingeyuphothula
|
lingeyuphothula
|
Class 6
|
ayophothula
|
ayophothula
|
eyophothula
|
awayuphothula
|
angeyuphothula
|
engeyuphothula
|
Class 7
|
siyophothula
|
esiyophothula
|
siyophothula
|
asiyuphothula
|
esingeyuphothula
|
singeyuphothula
|
Class 8
|
ziyophothula
|
eziyophothula
|
ziyophothula
|
aziyuphothula
|
ezingeyuphothula
|
zingeyuphothula
|
Class 9
|
iyophothula
|
eyophothula
|
iyophothula
|
ayiyuphothula
|
engeyuphothula
|
ingeyuphothula
|
Class 10
|
ziyophothula
|
eziyophothula
|
ziyophothula
|
aziyuphothula
|
ezingeyuphothula
|
zingeyuphothula
|
Class 11
|
luyophothula
|
oluyophothula
|
luyophothula
|
aluyuphothula
|
olungeyuphothula
|
lungeyuphothula
|
Class 14
|
buyophothula
|
obuyophothula
|
buyophothula
|
abuyuphothula
|
obungeyuphothula
|
bungeyuphothula
|
Class 15
|
kuyophothula
|
okuyophothula
|
kuyophothula
|
akuyuphothula
|
okungeyuphothula
|
kungeyuphothula
|
Class 17
|
kuyophothula
|
okuyophothula
|
kuyophothula
|
akuyuphothula
|
okungeyuphothula
|
kungeyuphothula
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngiphothule
|
ngingaphothuli
|
2nd singular
|
uphothule
|
ungaphothuli
|
1st plural
|
siphothule
|
singaphothuli
|
2nd plural
|
niphothule
|
ningaphothuli
|
Class 1
|
aphothule
|
angaphothuli
|
Class 2
|
baphothule
|
bangaphothuli
|
Class 3
|
uphothule
|
ungaphothuli
|
Class 4
|
iphothule
|
ingaphothuli
|
Class 5
|
liphothule
|
lingaphothuli
|
Class 6
|
aphothule
|
angaphothuli
|
Class 7
|
siphothule
|
singaphothuli
|
Class 8
|
ziphothule
|
zingaphothuli
|
Class 9
|
iphothule
|
ingaphothuli
|
Class 10
|
ziphothule
|
zingaphothuli
|
Class 11
|
luphothule
|
lungaphothuli
|
Class 14
|
buphothule
|
bungaphothuli
|
Class 15
|
kuphothule
|
kungaphothuli
|
Class 17
|
kuphothule
|
kungaphothuli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngaphothula
|
ngangaphothula, angaphothula, angangaphothula
|
2nd singular
|
waphothula
|
wangaphothula, awaphothula, awangaphothula
|
1st plural
|
saphothula
|
sangaphothula, asaphothula, asangaphothula
|
2nd plural
|
naphothula
|
nangaphothula, anaphothula, anangaphothula
|
Class 1
|
waphothula
|
wangaphothula, akaphothula, akangaphothula
|
Class 2
|
baphothula
|
bangaphothula, abaphothula, abangaphothula
|
Class 3
|
waphothula
|
wangaphothula, awaphothula, awangaphothula
|
Class 4
|
yaphothula
|
yangaphothula, ayaphothula, ayangaphothula
|
Class 5
|
laphothula
|
langaphothula, alaphothula, alangaphothula
|
Class 6
|
aphothula
|
angaphothula, awaphothula, awangaphothula
|
Class 7
|
saphothula
|
sangaphothula, asaphothula, asangaphothula
|
Class 8
|
zaphothula
|
zangaphothula, azaphothula, azangaphothula
|
Class 9
|
yaphothula
|
yangaphothula, ayaphothula, ayangaphothula
|
Class 10
|
zaphothula
|
zangaphothula, azaphothula, azangaphothula
|
Class 11
|
lwaphothula
|
lwangaphothula, alwaphothula, alwangaphothula
|
Class 14
|
baphothula
|
bangaphothula, abaphothula, abangaphothula
|
Class 15
|
kwaphothula
|
kwangaphothula, akwaphothula, akwangaphothula
|
Class 17
|
kwaphothula
|
kwangaphothula, akwaphothula, akwangaphothula
|