psḏj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (as a fourth weak verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈpiscʼit/ → /ˈpistʼiʔ/ → /ˈpestʼa/ → /ˈpestʼə/

• (as a fourth weak verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpiscʼit/
• (as a fourth weak verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpistʼiʔ/
• (as a fourth weak verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpestʼa/
• (as a fourth weak verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpestʼə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɛsɛd͡ʒi/
  • Conventional anglicization: pesedji

Verb

 4ae inf. or 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to shine

Inflection

While some authors such as Allen consider this a fourth weak verb psḏj, others regard it as a strong triliteral verb psḏ.

Conjugation of psḏj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: psḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
psḏt, psḏj	psḏw, psḏyw, psḏ	psḏt, psḏwt, psḏyt	psḏ	psḏ, psḏy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
psḏ8	ḥr psḏt, ḥr psḏj	m psḏt, ḥr psḏj	r psḏt, ḥr psḏj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	psḏ.n	consecutive	psḏ.jn
terminative	psḏt
perfective3	psḏ	obligative1	psḏ.ḫr
imperfective	psḏ, psḏy
prospective3	psḏw, psḏ, psḏy	potentialis1	psḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive	psḏ, psḏy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	psḏ.n	—	—
perfective	psḏw1, psḏy, psḏ	psḏ	psḏy, psḏ
imperfective	psḏ, psḏy, psḏw5	psḏ, psḏj6, psḏy6	psḏ, psḏw5
prospective	psḏw1, psḏy, psḏ, psḏtj7	psḏwtj1 4, psḏtj4, psḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Conjugation of psḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: psḏ, geminated stem: psḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
psḏ	psḏw, psḏ	psḏt	psḏ	psḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
psḏ	ḥr psḏ	m psḏ	r psḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	psḏ.n	consecutive	psḏ.jn
terminative	psḏt
perfective3	psḏ	obligative1	psḏ.ḫr
imperfective	psḏ
prospective3	psḏ	potentialis1	psḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive	psḏ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	psḏ.n	—	—
perfective	psḏ	psḏ	psḏ, psḏw5, psḏy5
imperfective	psḏ, psḏy, psḏw5	psḏ, psḏj6, psḏy6	psḏ, psḏw5
prospective	psḏ, psḏtj7	psḏtj4, psḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 175.