raire

French

Alternative forms

• réer

Etymology

From Old French raire, from Late Latin ragĕre. Compare Romanian rage. Cf. also railler.

Verb

raire (defective)

1. (rare, of deer) to troat, cry, bellow, make noises

Conjugation

This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -ray- root: *je rayis, *que nous rayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -rais- was used instead of -ray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.

Conjugation of raire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	raire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	rayant /ʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ʁe.jɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		rait /ʁɛ/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	rais /ʁɛ/	rais /ʁɛ/	rait /ʁɛ/	rayons /ʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁe.jɔ̃/	rayez /ʁɛ.je/ or /ʁe.je/	raient /ʁɛ/
	imperfect	rayais /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/	rayais /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/	rayait /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/	rayions /ʁɛj.jɔ̃/	rayiez /ʁɛj.je/	rayaient /ʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ʁe.jɛ/
	past historic2	rayai /ʁɛe/	rayas /ʁɛa/	raya /ʁɛa/	rayâmes /ʁɛam/	rayâtes /ʁɛat/	rayèrent /ʁɛɛʁ/
	future	rairai /ʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ʁe.ʁe/	rairas /ʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ʁe.ʁa/	raira /ʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ʁe.ʁa/	rairons /ʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁɔ̃/	rairez /ʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ʁe.ʁe/	rairont /ʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	rairais /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/	rairais /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/	rairait /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/	rairions /ʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁe.ʁjɔ̃/	rairiez /ʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ʁe.ʁje/	rairaient /ʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ʁe.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	raie /ʁɛ/	raies /ʁɛ/	raie /ʁɛ/	rayions /ʁɛj.jɔ̃/	rayiez /ʁɛj.je/	raient /ʁɛ/
	imperfect2	rayasse /ʁɛas/	rayasses /ʁɛas/	rayât /ʁɛa/	rayassions /ʁɛa.sjɔ̃/	rayassiez /ʁɛa.sje/	rayassent /ʁɛas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	rais /ʁɛ/	—	rayons /ʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ʁe.jɔ̃/	rayez /ʁɛ.je/ or /ʁe.je/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Synonyms

• bramer

Related terms

• railler

Noun

raire m (plural raires)

1. the troat or cry of a deer

References

• “raire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.