Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *reudaną, cognate with Old English rēodan. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (red).

Verb

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rjóða (singular past indicative rauð, plural past indicative ruðu, past participle roðinn)

  1. to redden
    • 9th c., Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, Ynglingatal, verse 5:
      Hitt vas fyrr, / at fold ruðu
      sverðberendr / sínum dróttni. []
      It happened before, / that the sword-bearers
      reddened the ground / with [the blood of] their lord. []

Conjugation

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Conjugation of rjóða — active (strong class 2)
infinitive rjóða
present participle rjóðandi
past participle roðinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular rýð rauð rjóða ryða
2nd person singular rýðr rautt rjóðir ryðir
3rd person singular rýðr rauð rjóði ryði
1st person plural rjóðum ruðum rjóðim ryðim
2nd person plural rjóðið ruðuð rjóðið ryðið
3rd person plural rjóða ruðu rjóði ryði
imperative present
2nd person singular rjóð
1st person plural rjóðum
2nd person plural rjóðið
Conjugation of rjóða — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive rjóðask
present participle rjóðandisk
past participle roðizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular rjóðumk ruðumk rjóðumk ryðumk
2nd person singular rýzk rauzk rjóðisk ryðisk
3rd person singular rýzk rauzk rjóðisk ryðisk
1st person plural rjóðumsk ruðumsk rjóðimsk ryðimsk
2nd person plural rjóðizk ruðuzk rjóðizk ryðizk
3rd person plural rjóðask ruðusk rjóðisk ryðisk
imperative present
2nd person singular rjózk
1st person plural rjóðumsk
2nd person plural rjóðizk
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Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “rjóða”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 341; also available at the Internet Archive