rjúfa
Icelandic
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse rjúfa, from Proto-Germanic *reufaną.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editrjúfa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative rauf, third-person plural past indicative rufu, supine rofið)
- (transitive) to break, interrupt (e.g. a connection, agreement, etc.) [with accusative]
- hann rauf samkomulagið við okkur ― he broke the agreement with us
Conjugation
editrjúfa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að rjúfa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
rofið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
rjúfandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég rýf | við rjúfum | present (nútíð) |
ég rjúfi | við rjúfum |
þú rýfur | þið rjúfið | þú rjúfir | þið rjúfið | ||
hann, hún, það rýfur | þeir, þær, þau rjúfa | hann, hún, það rjúfi | þeir, þær, þau rjúfi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég rauf | við rufum | past (þátíð) |
ég ryfi | við ryfum |
þú raufst | þið rufuð | þú ryfir | þið ryfuð | ||
hann, hún, það rauf | þeir, þær, þau rufu | hann, hún, það ryfi | þeir, þær, þau ryfu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
rjúf (þú) | rjúfið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
rjúfðu | rjúfiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
rofinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
rofinn | rofin | rofið | rofnir | rofnar | rofin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
rofinn | rofna | rofið | rofna | rofnar | rofin | |
dative (þágufall) |
rofnum | rofinni | rofnu | rofnum | rofnum | rofnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
rofins | rofinnar | rofins | rofinna | rofinna | rofinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
rofni | rofna | rofna | rofnu | rofnu | rofnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
rofna | rofnu | rofna | rofnu | rofnu | rofnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
rofna | rofnu | rofna | rofnu | rofnu | rofnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
rofna | rofnu | rofna | rofnu | rofnu | rofnu |
References
edit- “rjúfa” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
Old Norse
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *reufaną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break”).
Verb
editrjúfa (singular past indicative rauf, plural past indicative rufu, past participle rofinn)
- (transitive) to break a hole in, break
- rjúfa undir
- to make wounds
- (figuratively) to break, violate (e.g. a law)
- (impersonal) to clear away
- Synonym: hrjóða
- rýfr þokuna
- the fog clears away
Conjugation
editConjugation of rjúfa — active (strong class 2)
infinitive | rjúfa | |
---|---|---|
present participle | rjúfandi | |
past participle | rofinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | rýf | rauf |
2nd-person singular | rýfr | rauft |
3rd-person singular | rýfr | rauf |
1st-person plural | rjúfum | rufum |
2nd-person plural | rjúfið | rufuð |
3rd-person plural | rjúfa | rufu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | rjúfa | ryfa |
2nd-person singular | rjúfir | ryfir |
3rd-person singular | rjúfi | ryfi |
1st-person plural | rjúfim | ryfim |
2nd-person plural | rjúfið | ryfið |
3rd-person plural | rjúfi | ryfi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | rjúf | |
1st-person plural | rjúfum | |
2nd-person plural | rjúfið |
Conjugation of rjúfa — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive | rjúfask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | rjúfandisk | |
past participle | rofizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | rjúfumk | rufumk |
2nd-person singular | rýfsk | raufzk |
3rd-person singular | rýfsk | raufsk |
1st-person plural | rjúfumsk | rufumsk |
2nd-person plural | rjúfizk | rufuzk |
3rd-person plural | rjúfask | rufusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | rjúfumk | ryfumk |
2nd-person singular | rjúfisk | ryfisk |
3rd-person singular | rjúfisk | ryfisk |
1st-person plural | rjúfimsk | ryfimsk |
2nd-person plural | rjúfizk | ryfizk |
3rd-person plural | rjúfisk | ryfisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | rjúfsk | |
1st-person plural | rjúfumsk | |
2nd-person plural | rjúfizk |
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “rjúfa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Categories:
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/uːva
- Rhymes:Icelandic/uːva/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic transitive verbs
- Icelandic terms with usage examples
- Icelandic class 2 strong verbs
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse transitive verbs
- Old Norse terms with usage examples
- Old Norse impersonal verbs
- Old Norse class 2 strong verbs