ronger
French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French rongier, from a crossing of rungier (from Latin rūmigāre (“chew”)) with influence from a Vulgar Latin *rodicāre, itself from Latin rōdō (“to gnaw”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ronger
Conjugation edit
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written ronge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of ronger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | ronger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | rongeant /ʁɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rongé /ʁɔ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ronge /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
ronges /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
ronge /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
rongeons /ʁɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
rongez /ʁɔ̃.ʒe/ |
rongent /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect | rongeais /ʁɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
rongeais /ʁɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
rongeait /ʁɔ̃.ʒɛ/ |
rongions /ʁɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
rongiez /ʁɔ̃.ʒje/ |
rongeaient /ʁɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | rongeai /ʁɔ̃.ʒe/ |
rongeas /ʁɔ̃.ʒa/ |
rongea /ʁɔ̃.ʒa/ |
rongeâmes /ʁɔ̃.ʒam/ |
rongeâtes /ʁɔ̃.ʒat/ |
rongèrent /ʁɔ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | rongerai /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
rongeras /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
rongera /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
rongerons /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
rongerez /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
rongeront /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | rongerais /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
rongerais /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
rongerait /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
rongerions /ʁɔ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rongeriez /ʁɔ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ |
rongeraient /ʁɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ronge /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
ronges /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
ronge /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
rongions /ʁɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
rongiez /ʁɔ̃.ʒje/ |
rongent /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | rongeasse /ʁɔ̃.ʒas/ |
rongeasses /ʁɔ̃.ʒas/ |
rongeât /ʁɔ̃.ʒa/ |
rongeassions /ʁɔ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
rongeassiez /ʁɔ̃.ʒa.sje/ |
rongeassent /ʁɔ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ronge /ʁɔ̃ʒ/ |
— | rongeons /ʁɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
rongez /ʁɔ̃.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ronger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.