rwḏ

See also: rwd and RWD

Egyptian edit

3-lit.

(intransitive) to be(come) firm
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134:
  
  jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k
  If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.

Conjugation of rwḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: rwḏ, geminated stem: rwḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
rwḏ	rwḏw, rwḏ	rwḏt	rwḏ	rwḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
rwḏ	ḥr rwḏ	m rwḏ	r rwḏ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	rwḏ.n	—	—
perfective	rwḏ	rwḏ	rwḏ, rwḏw⁵, rwḏy⁵
imperfective	rwḏ, rwḏy, rwḏw⁵	rwḏ, rwḏj⁶, rwḏy⁶	rwḏ, rwḏw⁵
prospective	rwḏ, rwḏtj⁷	rwḏtj⁴, rwḏt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of rwḏ

rwd

rd

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 166, 238.