s- (causative prefix) + rwḏ (“to be firm”).
caus. 3-lit.
- (transitive) to strengthen
- c. 2112–2063 BCE (reign of Intef II), Funerary stele of Rediu-Khnum from his tomb at Dendera (UE 6) (Cairo CG 20543), line A13–A14:[1][2]
- srwd.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) wzṯ(.w) ṯz.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) fdq(.w) mḥ.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) jꜣṯ(.w)
- I made firm what I found dilapidated; I joined together what I found cut apart; I replenished what I found injured.
- (transitive) to make endure, to perpetuate (offerings to the gods)
Conjugation of srwḏ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: srwḏ
infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
srwḏ
|
srwḏw, srwḏ
|
srwḏt
|
srwḏ
|
srwḏ
|
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
srwḏ
|
ḥr srwḏ
|
m srwḏ
|
r srwḏ
|
suffix conjugation
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
srwḏ.n
|
srwḏw, srwḏ
|
consecutive
|
srwḏ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
terminative
|
srwḏt
|
perfective3
|
srwḏ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
srwḏ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
imperfective
|
srwḏ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
prospective3
|
srwḏw, srwḏ, srwḏy
|
srwḏw, srwḏ, srwḏy
|
potentialis1
|
srwḏ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
subjunctive
|
srwḏ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
verbal adjectives
|
aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
srwḏ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
perfective
|
srwḏ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
srwḏ
|
srwḏ, srwḏw5, srwḏy5
|
imperfective
|
srwḏ, srwḏy, srwḏw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
srwḏ, srwḏj6, srwḏy6
|
srwḏ, srwḏw5
|
prospective
|
srwḏ, srwḏtj7
|
—
|
srwḏwtj1 4, srwḏtj4, srwḏt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srwḏ
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 194.7–194.23