sukti
See also: sūkti
Lithuanian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *sewk- (“turn, spin”); compare Latvian sukt, Proto-Slavic *sъkati (Russian скать (skatʹ, “twist, turn”), Czech skati), and see the Proto-Slavic for more.[1] Also related are Latvian sàucêt, Proto-Slavic *sučiti. Beyond Balto-Slavic, hesitant connections have been made with Tocharian A ṣkārā, Tocharian B aṣkār (“at the back”),[2] Ossetian хуы́рх (x°ýrx, “whey”), Latin sucula (“winch”).[3]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editsùkti (third-person present tense sùka, third-person past tense sùko)
- turn (change direction of movement)
- Sukti į kaĩrę draũdžiama. ― No left turn. (literally, “Turning left is forbidden.”)
- cause to turn, rotate, revolve
- Tekė́damas vanduõ suka turbìnų mentès. ― The water turns the turbine blades as it flows.
- circle, twirl, whirl (move in a circular motion)
- Virš galvõs tỹliai ratù sùko šikšnósparniai. ― Bats twirled around above my head.
- weave, spin
Inflection
editConjugation of sukti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
sukù | sukì | sùka | sùkame, sùkam |
sùkate, sùkat |
sùka | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
sukaũ | sukaĩ | sùko | sùkome, sùkom |
sùkote, sùkot |
sùko | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
sùkdavau | sùkdavai | sùkdavo | sùkdavome, sùkdavom |
sùkdavote, sùkdavot |
sùkdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
sùksiu | sùksi | sùks | sùksime, sùksim |
sùksite, sùksit |
sùks | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
sùkčiau | sùktum, sùktumei |
sùktų | sùktumėme, sùktumėm, sùktume |
sùktumėte, sùktumėt |
sùktų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | sùk, sùki |
tesùka, tesùkie |
sùkime, sùkim |
sùkite, sùkit |
tesùka, tesùkie | ||
Participles of sukti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | sùkąs, sùkantis | sùkamas | |
| past | sùkęs | sùktas | |
| past frequentative | sùkdavęs | — | |
| future | sùksiąs, sùksiantis | sùksimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | sùktinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | sùkdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | sùkant | |
| past | sùkus | ||
| past frequentative | sùkdavus | ||
| future | sùksiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | sùkte, sùktinai | ||
Derived terms
editprefixed forms of sukti
- (reflexive): suktis
References
edit- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “sùkti”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 613
- ^ Albert J. van Windekens (1979) Le tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indoeuropéennes. Vol. I. La phonétique et le vocabulaire. Louvain, pages 455-456
- ^ Jan Safarewicz (1961) Ze słownictwa bałto-słowiańskiego (Innowacje czasownikowe) [Notes on the Balto-Slavic Vocabulary (Verbal innovations)] in Slavia Antiqua, volume 8, pages 253-254