suka
Page categories
Albanian
editNoun
editsuka f
- inflection of sukë:
Asi
editNoun
editsuka
Azerbaijani
editCyrillic | сука | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | سوکا |
Etymology
editBorrowed from Russian сука (suka).
Noun
editsuka (definite accusative sukanı, plural sukalar)
- (vulgar, offensive) bitch (contemptible person, usually but not necessarily female)
- (prison slang) snitch, inmate who collaborates with prison administration
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | suka | sukalar |
definite accusative | sukanı | sukaları |
dative | sukaya | sukalara |
locative | sukada | sukalarda |
ablative | sukadan | sukalardan |
definite genitive | sukanın | sukaların |
Further reading
edit- “suka” in Obastan.com.
Bikol Central
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Philippine *suka₂ (“to vomit”). Cognate with Tagalog suka, Cebuano suka, and Tausug suka.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsúka
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editBorrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Compare Ilocano suka, Maranao soka' and Tausug suka'.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsukà
Derived terms
editCebuano
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Philippine *suka.
Pronunciation
edit- Hyphenation: su‧ka
- (Standard Cebuano) IPA(key): /ˈsuka/ [ˈs̪u.kɐ]
- Rhymes: -a
Noun
editsuka
Verb
editsuka
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editBorrowing ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”).[1]First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.
Pronunciation
edit- Hyphenation: su‧ka
- (Standard Cebuano) IPA(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈs̪u.kɐʔ]
- Rhymes: -a
Noun
editsuka
- vinegar; a sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid
References
edit- ^ Jose G. Kuizon (1964) The Sanskrit Loan-Words in the Cebuano-Bisayan Language[1], Cebu City: University of San Carlos, archived from the original on 1 April 2022, page 120
Estonian
editNoun
editsuka
Fijian
editEtymology
editNoun
editsuka
Finnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *suka, from Proto-Finno-Permic *śuka, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “awn (of grain)”)). Alternative theory suggests more recent borrowing from Baltic (compare Latvian suka). Cognate with Kildin Sami чоагкь (čågk’), Erzya сюва (śuva).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsuka
- A (coarse) brush, especially one used for brushing animals, such as a currycomb for grooming horses.
- (botany) Synonym of sukanen
Declension
editInflection of suka (Kotus type 10*D/koira, k-∅ gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | suka | suat | |
genitive | suan | sukien | |
partitive | sukaa | sukia | |
illative | sukaan | sukiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | suka | suat | |
accusative | nom. | suka | suat |
gen. | suan | ||
genitive | suan | sukien sukain rare | |
partitive | sukaa | sukia | |
inessive | suassa | suissa | |
elative | suasta | suista | |
illative | sukaan | sukiin | |
adessive | sualla | suilla | |
ablative | sualta | suilta | |
allative | sualle | suille | |
essive | sukana | sukina | |
translative | suaksi | suiksi | |
abessive | suatta | suitta | |
instructive | — | suin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
editSee also
editFurther reading
edit- “suka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
editFula
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Noun
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
Ilocano
editEtymology
editUltimately borrowed from Sanskrit चुक्रा (cukrā, “tamarind tree”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Cognate with Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Tagalog suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug sukaꞌ.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsuká
Derived terms
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsuka (plural suka-suka)
Verb
editsuka (base-imperative locative suka, active locative menyukai, ordinary passive locative disukai)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “suka” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *suka. Cognates include Finnish suka and Estonian suga.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈs̠ukɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈsukɑ/, [ˈʃuɡ̊ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ukɑ
- Hyphenation: su‧ka
Noun
editsuka
Declension
editDeclension of suka (type 3/koira, k- gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | suka | suat |
genitive | suan | sukkiin |
partitive | sukkaa | sukkia |
illative | sukkaa | sukkii |
inessive | suas | suis |
elative | suast | suist |
allative | sualle | suille |
adessive | sual | suil |
ablative | sualt | suilt |
translative | suaks | suiks |
essive | sukanna, sukkaan | sukinna, sukkiin |
exessive1) | sukant | sukint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 547
Japanese
editRomanization
editsuka
Latvian
editEtymology 1
editThere are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”).[1]
Noun
editsuka f (4th declension)
- brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair)
- drēbju, apavu suka ― clothes, shoe brush
- matu suka ― hairbrush
- zobu suka ― toothbrush
- zirgu suka ― horse brush, currycomb
- saru, tērauda suka ― bristle, steel brush
- tīrīt drēbes ar suku ― to clean (one's) clothes with a brush
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | suka | sukas |
genitive | sukas | suku |
dative | sukai | sukām |
accusative | suku | sukas |
instrumental | suku | sukām |
locative | sukā | sukās |
vocative | suka | sukas |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editSee also
editEtymology 2
editNoun
editsuka f (4th declension)
References
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “suka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[2] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Malay
editEtymology
editFrom Sanskrit सुख (sukha, “joy”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editsuka (Jawi spelling سوک)
Noun
editsuka (Jawi spelling سوک, plural suka-suka)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Edi Sedyawati, Ellya Iswati, Kusparyati Boedhijono, Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994) Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, page 336
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “سوک soeka”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 38
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “سوک suka”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 421
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “suka”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 495
- "suka" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
Further reading
edit- “suka” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Pali
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editNoun
editsuka m (feminine sukī)
Declension
editCase \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | suko | sukā |
Accusative (second) | sukaṃ | suke |
Instrumental (third) | sukena | sukehi or sukebhi |
Dative (fourth) | sukassa or sukāya or sukatthaṃ | sukānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | sukasmā or sukamhā or sukā | sukehi or sukebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | sukassa | sukānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | sukasmiṃ or sukamhi or suke | sukesu |
Vocative (calling) | suka | sukā |
References
edit- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “suka”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
- Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page 488.
Phuthi
editVerb
edit-suka
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka. Sense 3 from an association with pies (“dog, slang: cop”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsuka f (diminutive suczka, related adjective suczy)
- bitch (female dog)
- (derogatory, vulgar) bitch
- (slang) police van
- (Eastern Kraków) braking wood (piece of wood with a braking groove into which a wheel fits)
- (Przemyśl, weaving) particular component of a weaving workshop
Declension
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- → Vilamovian: su̇ka
Further reading
editQuechua
editNoun
editsuka
Usage notes
editNot to be confused with suk'a, sukha.
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | suka | sukakuna |
accusative | sukata | sukakunata |
dative | sukaman | sukakunaman |
genitive | sukap | sukakunap |
locative | sukapi | sukakunapi |
terminative | sukakama | sukakunakama |
ablative | sukamanta | sukakunamanta |
instrumental | sukawan | sukakunawan |
comitative | sukantin | sukakunantin |
abessive | sukannaq | sukakunannaq |
comparative | sukahina | sukakunahina |
causative | sukarayku | sukakunarayku |
benefactive | sukapaq | sukakunapaq |
associative | sukapura | sukakunapura |
distributive | sukanka | sukakunanka |
exclusive | sukalla | sukakunalla |
|
See also
editSlovak
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsuka f (declension pattern of žena)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | suka | suky |
genitive | suky | súk |
dative | suke | sukám |
accusative | suku | suky |
locative | suke | sukách |
instrumental | sukou | sukami |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “suka”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
Swahili
editPronunciation
editVerb
edit-suka (infinitive kusuka)
Conjugation
editConjugation of -suka | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Derived terms
editSwazi
editVerb
edit-suka
- to move away
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Tagalog
editAlternative forms
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Philippine *suka (“to vomit”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Hiligaynon suka, Kapampangan suka, Tausug suka, and Waray-Waray suka.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: su‧ka
Noun
editsuka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)
Derived terms
editSee also
editAdjective
editsuká (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editUltimately from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “tamarind tree; vinegar made by acetous fermentation”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Ilocano suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug suka'.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈsukaʔ/ [ˈsuː.xɐʔ]
- Rhymes: -ukaʔ
- Syllabification: su‧ka
Noun
editsukà (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ)
- vinegar
- (by extension) sour fruit used for seasoning food (such as tamarind, tomatoes, green mangoes, etc.)
Derived terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 156
- Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog[4] (in Spanish), Paris: Imprimerie de la Faculté de Médecine, A. Davy, page 52
- Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[5] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
Further reading
edit- “suka”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2024
- “suka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Anagrams
editTernate
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsuka
- (transitive) to split
- (transitive) to crack
- (transitive) to break
Conjugation
editsingular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | tosuka | fosuka | misuka | |
2nd person | nosuka | nisuka | ||
3rd person |
masculine | osuka | isuka yosuka (archaic) | |
feminine | mosuka | |||
neuter | isuka |
Etymology 2
editFrom Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) + suka, which produces no change on the initial consonant s.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editsuka
- (transitive) to like
Noun
editsuka
References
edit- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Tsonga
editVerb
editsuka
- to leave
Votic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *suka.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsuka
Inflection
editDeclension of suka (type V/poikõ, k-g gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | suka | sugad |
genitive | suga | sukijõ, sukii |
partitive | sukka | sukiitõ, sukii |
illative | sukkasõ, sukka | sukiisõ |
inessive | sugaz | sukiiz |
elative | sugassõ | sukiissõ |
allative | sugalõ | sukiilõ |
adessive | sugallõ | sukiillõ |
ablative | sugaltõ | sukiiltõ |
translative | sugassi | sukiissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
edit- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “suka”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Wallisian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editsuka
Waray-Waray
editNoun
editsukà
West Makian
editEtymology
editFrom Malay suka, possibly through Ternate, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editsuka
- (transitive) to like
- (modal, auxiliary) to very much want to (do something)
- (modal, auxiliary) to like to (do something)
- coba ni suka nidadi puni ― if you would like to become a spirit
Usage notes
editAs a modal verb, it does not appear to be conjugated.
Conjugation
editsingular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | tosuka | mosuka | asuka | |
2nd person | nosuka | fosuka | ||
3rd person | inanimate | isuka | dosuka | |
animate | ||||
imperative | nusuka, suka | fusuka, suka |
References
edit- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[6], Pacific linguistics
Xhosa
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
edit-súka
- (intransitive) to be lost
Inflection
editThis verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
editEtymology
editPossibly from Proto-Bantu *-tíga (“to leave behind”) with the separative suffix *-ʊka, however the tonal change is unexplained. (Note that although this verb is a low toned verb, it is sometimes treated as high toned in the imperative form.) This would make the term related to -sala and -shiya.
Verb
edit-suka
- (intransitive) to go away, to remove oneself
- (intransitive) to leave, to depart, to set off
- (intransitive) to originate
Inflection
editpositive | negative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ukusuka | ukungasuki | ||||
imperative | ||||||
simple | + object concord | |||||
singular | suka | -suke | ||||
plural | sukani | -sukeni | ||||
present | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngiyasuka, ngisuka | engisukayo, engisuka | ngisuka | angisuki | engingasuki | ngingasuki |
2nd singular | uyasuka, usuka | osukayo, osuka | usuka | awusuki | ongasuki | ungasuki |
1st plural | siyasuka, sisuka | esisukayo, esisuka | sisuka | asisuki | esingasuki | singasuki |
2nd plural | niyasuka, nisuka | enisukayo, enisuka | nisuka | anisuki | eningasuki | ningasuki |
class 1 | uyasuka, usuka | osukayo, osuka | esuka | akasuki | ongasuki | engasuki |
class 2 | bayasuka, basuka | abasukayo, abasuka | besuka | abasuki | abangasuki | bengasuki |
class 3 | uyasuka, usuka | osukayo, osuka | usuka | awusuki | ongasuki | ungasuki |
class 4 | iyasuka, isuka | esukayo, esuka | isuka | ayisuki | engasuki | ingasuki |
class 5 | liyasuka, lisuka | elisukayo, elisuka | lisuka | alisuki | elingasuki | lingasuki |
class 6 | ayasuka, asuka | asukayo, asuka | esuka | awasuki | angasuki | engasuki |
class 7 | siyasuka, sisuka | esisukayo, esisuka | sisuka | asisuki | esingasuki | singasuki |
class 8 | ziyasuka, zisuka | ezisukayo, ezisuka | zisuka | azisuki | ezingasuki | zingasuki |
class 9 | iyasuka, isuka | esukayo, esuka | isuka | ayisuki | engasuki | ingasuki |
class 10 | ziyasuka, zisuka | ezisukayo, ezisuka | zisuka | azisuki | ezingasuki | zingasuki |
class 11 | luyasuka, lusuka | olusukayo, olusuka | lusuka | alusuki | olungasuki | lungasuki |
class 14 | buyasuka, busuka | obusukayo, obusuka | busuka | abusuki | obungasuki | bungasuki |
class 15 | kuyasuka, kusuka | okusukayo, okusuka | kusuka | akusuki | okungasuki | kungasuki |
class 17 | kuyasuka, kusuka | okusukayo, okusuka | kusuka | akusuki | okungasuki | kungasuki |
recent past | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngisukile, ngisukē | engisukile, engisukē | ngisukile, ngisukē | angisukanga | engingasukanga | ngingasukanga |
2nd singular | usukile, usukē | osukile, osukē | usukile, usukē | awusukanga | ongasukanga | ungasukanga |
1st plural | sisukile, sisukē | esisukile, esisukē | sisukile, sisukē | asisukanga | esingasukanga | singasukanga |
2nd plural | nisukile, nisukē | enisukile, enisukē | nisukile, nisukē | anisukanga | eningasukanga | ningasukanga |
class 1 | usukile, usukē | osukile, osukē | esukile, esukē | akasukanga | ongasukanga | engasukanga |
class 2 | basukile, basukē | abasukile, abasukē | besukile, besukē | abasukanga | abangasukanga | bengasukanga |
class 3 | usukile, usukē | osukile, osukē | usukile, usukē | awusukanga | ongasukanga | ungasukanga |
class 4 | isukile, isukē | esukile, esukē | isukile, isukē | ayisukanga | engasukanga | ingasukanga |
class 5 | lisukile, lisukē | elisukile, elisukē | lisukile, lisukē | alisukanga | elingasukanga | lingasukanga |
class 6 | asukile, asukē | asukile, asukē | esukile, esukē | awasukanga | angasukanga | engasukanga |
class 7 | sisukile, sisukē | esisukile, esisukē | sisukile, sisukē | asisukanga | esingasukanga | singasukanga |
class 8 | zisukile, zisukē | ezisukile, ezisukē | zisukile, zisukē | azisukanga | ezingasukanga | zingasukanga |
class 9 | isukile, isukē | esukile, esukē | isukile, isukē | ayisukanga | engasukanga | ingasukanga |
class 10 | zisukile, zisukē | ezisukile, ezisukē | zisukile, zisukē | azisukanga | ezingasukanga | zingasukanga |
class 11 | lusukile, lusukē | olusukile, olusukē | lusukile, lusukē | alusukanga | olungasukanga | lungasukanga |
class 14 | busukile, busukē | obusukile, obusukē | busukile, busukē | abusukanga | obungasukanga | bungasukanga |
class 15 | kusukile, kusukē | okusukile, okusukē | kusukile, kusukē | akusukanga | okungasukanga | kungasukanga |
class 17 | kusukile, kusukē | okusukile, okusukē | kusukile, kusukē | akusukanga | okungasukanga | kungasukanga |
remote past | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngāsuka | engāsuka | ngāsuka | angisukanga | engingasukanga | ngingasukanga |
2nd singular | wāsuka | owāsuka | wāsuka | awusukanga | ongasukanga | ungasukanga |
1st plural | sāsuka | esāsuka | sāsuka | asisukanga | esingasukanga | singasukanga |
2nd plural | nāsuka | enāsuka | nāsuka | anisukanga | eningasukanga | ningasukanga |
class 1 | wāsuka | owāsuka | āsuka | akasukanga | ongasukanga | engasukanga |
class 2 | bāsuka | abāsuka | bāsuka | abasukanga | abangasukanga | bengasukanga |
class 3 | wāsuka | owāsuka | wāsuka | awusukanga | ongasukanga | ungasukanga |
class 4 | yāsuka | eyāsuka | yāsuka | ayisukanga | engasukanga | ingasukanga |
class 5 | lāsuka | elāsuka | lāsuka | alisukanga | elingasukanga | lingasukanga |
class 6 | āsuka | āsuka | āsuka | awasukanga | angasukanga | engasukanga |
class 7 | sāsuka | esāsuka | sāsuka | asisukanga | esingasukanga | singasukanga |
class 8 | zāsuka | ezāsuka | zāsuka | azisukanga | ezingasukanga | zingasukanga |
class 9 | yāsuka | eyāsuka | yāsuka | ayisukanga | engasukanga | ingasukanga |
class 10 | zāsuka | ezāsuka | zāsuka | azisukanga | ezingasukanga | zingasukanga |
class 11 | lwāsuka | olwāsuka | lwāsuka | alusukanga | olungasukanga | lungasukanga |
class 14 | bāsuka | obāsuka | bāsuka | abusukanga | obungasukanga | bungasukanga |
class 15 | kwāsuka | okwāsuka | kwāsuka | akusukanga | okungasukanga | kungasukanga |
class 17 | kwāsuka | okwāsuka | kwāsuka | akusukanga | okungasukanga | kungasukanga |
potential | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngingasuka | — | ngingasuka | ngingesuke | — | ngingesuke |
2nd singular | ungasuka | — | ungasuka | ungesuke | — | ungesuke |
1st plural | singasuka | — | singasuka | singesuke | — | singesuke |
2nd plural | ningasuka | — | ningasuka | ningesuke | — | ningesuke |
class 1 | angasuka | — | engasuka | angesuke | — | engesuke |
class 2 | bangasuka | — | bengasuka | bangesuke | — | bengesuke |
class 3 | ungasuka | — | ungasuka | ungesuke | — | ungesuke |
class 4 | ingasuka | — | ingasuka | ingesuke | — | ingesuke |
class 5 | lingasuka | — | lingasuka | lingesuke | — | lingesuke |
class 6 | angasuka | — | engasuka | angesuke | — | engesuke |
class 7 | singasuka | — | singasuka | singesuke | — | singesuke |
class 8 | zingasuka | — | zingasuka | zingesuke | — | zingesuke |
class 9 | ingasuka | — | ingasuka | ingesuke | — | ingesuke |
class 10 | zingasuka | — | zingasuka | zingesuke | — | zingesuke |
class 11 | lungasuka | — | lungasuka | lungesuke | — | lungesuke |
class 14 | bungasuka | — | bungasuka | bungesuke | — | bungesuke |
class 15 | kungasuka | — | kungasuka | kungesuke | — | kungesuke |
class 17 | kungasuka | — | kungasuka | kungesuke | — | kungesuke |
immediate future | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngizosuka | engizosuka | ngizosuka | angizusuka | engingezusuka | ngingezusuka |
2nd singular | uzosuka | ozosuka | uzosuka | awuzusuka | ongezusuka | ungezusuka |
1st plural | sizosuka | esizosuka | sizosuka | asizusuka | esingezusuka | singezusuka |
2nd plural | nizosuka | enizosuka | nizosuka | anizusuka | eningezusuka | ningezusuka |
class 1 | uzosuka | ozosuka | ezosuka | akazusuka | ongezusuka | engezusuka |
class 2 | bazosuka | abazosuka | bezosuka | abazusuka | abangezusuka | bengezusuka |
class 3 | uzosuka | ozosuka | uzosuka | awuzusuka | ongezusuka | ungezusuka |
class 4 | izosuka | ezosuka | izosuka | ayizusuka | engezusuka | ingezusuka |
class 5 | lizosuka | elizosuka | lizosuka | alizusuka | elingezusuka | lingezusuka |
class 6 | azosuka | azosuka | ezosuka | awazusuka | angezusuka | engezusuka |
class 7 | sizosuka | esizosuka | sizosuka | asizusuka | esingezusuka | singezusuka |
class 8 | zizosuka | ezizosuka | zizosuka | azizusuka | ezingezusuka | zingezusuka |
class 9 | izosuka | ezosuka | izosuka | ayizusuka | engezusuka | ingezusuka |
class 10 | zizosuka | ezizosuka | zizosuka | azizusuka | ezingezusuka | zingezusuka |
class 11 | luzosuka | oluzosuka | luzosuka | aluzusuka | olungezusuka | lungezusuka |
class 14 | buzosuka | obuzosuka | buzosuka | abuzusuka | obungezusuka | bungezusuka |
class 15 | kuzosuka | okuzosuka | kuzosuka | akuzusuka | okungezusuka | kungezusuka |
class 17 | kuzosuka | okuzosuka | kuzosuka | akuzusuka | okungezusuka | kungezusuka |
remote future | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngiyosuka | engiyosuka | ngiyosuka | angiyusuka | engingeyusuka | ngingeyusuka |
2nd singular | uyosuka | oyosuka | uyosuka | awuyusuka | ongeyusuka | ungeyusuka |
1st plural | siyosuka | esiyosuka | siyosuka | asiyusuka | esingeyusuka | singeyusuka |
2nd plural | niyosuka | eniyosuka | niyosuka | aniyusuka | eningeyusuka | ningeyusuka |
class 1 | uyosuka | oyosuka | eyosuka | akayusuka | ongeyusuka | engeyusuka |
class 2 | bayosuka | abayosuka | beyosuka | abayusuka | abangeyusuka | bengeyusuka |
class 3 | uyosuka | oyosuka | uyosuka | awuyusuka | ongeyusuka | ungeyusuka |
class 4 | iyosuka | eyosuka | iyosuka | ayiyusuka | engeyusuka | ingeyusuka |
class 5 | liyosuka | eliyosuka | liyosuka | aliyusuka | elingeyusuka | lingeyusuka |
class 6 | ayosuka | ayosuka | eyosuka | awayusuka | angeyusuka | engeyusuka |
class 7 | siyosuka | esiyosuka | siyosuka | asiyusuka | esingeyusuka | singeyusuka |
class 8 | ziyosuka | eziyosuka | ziyosuka | aziyusuka | ezingeyusuka | zingeyusuka |
class 9 | iyosuka | eyosuka | iyosuka | ayiyusuka | engeyusuka | ingeyusuka |
class 10 | ziyosuka | eziyosuka | ziyosuka | aziyusuka | ezingeyusuka | zingeyusuka |
class 11 | luyosuka | oluyosuka | luyosuka | aluyusuka | olungeyusuka | lungeyusuka |
class 14 | buyosuka | obuyosuka | buyosuka | abuyusuka | obungeyusuka | bungeyusuka |
class 15 | kuyosuka | okuyosuka | kuyosuka | akuyusuka | okungeyusuka | kungeyusuka |
class 17 | kuyosuka | okuyosuka | kuyosuka | akuyusuka | okungeyusuka | kungeyusuka |
present subjunctive | ||||||
positive | negative | |||||
1st singular | ngisuke | ngingasuki | ||||
2nd singular | usuke | ungasuki | ||||
1st plural | sisuke | singasuki | ||||
2nd plural | nisuke | ningasuki | ||||
class 1 | asuke | angasuki | ||||
class 2 | basuke | bangasuki | ||||
class 3 | usuke | ungasuki | ||||
class 4 | isuke | ingasuki | ||||
class 5 | lisuke | lingasuki | ||||
class 6 | asuke | angasuki | ||||
class 7 | sisuke | singasuki | ||||
class 8 | zisuke | zingasuki | ||||
class 9 | isuke | ingasuki | ||||
class 10 | zisuke | zingasuki | ||||
class 11 | lusuke | lungasuki | ||||
class 14 | busuke | bungasuki | ||||
class 15 | kusuke | kungasuki | ||||
class 17 | kusuke | kungasuki | ||||
past subjunctive | ||||||
positive | negative | |||||
1st singular | ngasuka | ngangasuka, angasuka, angangasuka | ||||
2nd singular | wasuka | wangasuka, awasuka, awangasuka | ||||
1st plural | sasuka | sangasuka, asasuka, asangasuka | ||||
2nd plural | nasuka | nangasuka, anasuka, anangasuka | ||||
class 1 | wasuka | wangasuka, akasuka, akangasuka | ||||
class 2 | basuka | bangasuka, abasuka, abangasuka | ||||
class 3 | wasuka | wangasuka, awasuka, awangasuka | ||||
class 4 | yasuka | yangasuka, ayasuka, ayangasuka | ||||
class 5 | lasuka | langasuka, alasuka, alangasuka | ||||
class 6 | asuka | angasuka, awasuka, awangasuka | ||||
class 7 | sasuka | sangasuka, asasuka, asangasuka | ||||
class 8 | zasuka | zangasuka, azasuka, azangasuka | ||||
class 9 | yasuka | yangasuka, ayasuka, ayangasuka | ||||
class 10 | zasuka | zangasuka, azasuka, azangasuka | ||||
class 11 | lwasuka | lwangasuka, alwasuka, alwangasuka | ||||
class 14 | basuka | bangasuka, abasuka, abangasuka | ||||
class 15 | kwasuka | kwangasuka, akwasuka, akwangasuka | ||||
class 17 | kwasuka | kwangasuka, akwasuka, akwangasuka |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “suka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “suka (3.9)”
- Khumalo, J. (1982). Zulu tonology. African Studies, 41(1), 3–125. doi:10.1080/00020188208707579. eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00020188208707579
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