surdiriger
French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
surdiriger
- (transitive) to overdirect
Conjugation edit
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written surdirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of surdiriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | surdiriger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | surdirigeant /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | surdirigé /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surdirige /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
surdiriges /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
surdirige /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
surdirigeons /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ |
surdirigez /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒe/ |
surdirigent /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
| imperfect | surdirigeais /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
surdirigeais /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
surdirigeait /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ |
surdirigions /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ |
surdirigiez /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒje/ |
surdirigeaient /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | surdirigeai /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒe/ |
surdirigeas /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
surdirigea /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
surdirigeâmes /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒam/ |
surdirigeâtes /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒat/ |
surdirigèrent /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | surdirigerai /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ |
surdirigeras /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ |
surdirigera /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/ |
surdirigerons /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
surdirigerez /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/ |
surdirigeront /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | surdirigerais /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
surdirigerais /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
surdirigerait /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ |
surdirigerions /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
surdirigeriez /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/ |
surdirigeraient /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surdirige /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
surdiriges /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
surdirige /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
surdirigions /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/ |
surdirigiez /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒje/ |
surdirigent /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | surdirigeasse /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒas/ |
surdirigeasses /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒas/ |
surdirigeât /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒa/ |
surdirigeassions /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
surdirigeassiez /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/ |
surdirigeassent /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | surdirige /syʁ.di.ʁiʒ/ |
— | surdirigeons /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/ |
surdirigez /syʁ.di.ʁi.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||