Zulu edit

Etymology edit

From -thanda +‎ -ana.

Verb edit

-thandana?

  1. (intransitive) to love each other

Inflection edit

Tone H
Infinitive ukuthandana
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuthandana ukungathandani
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular thandana -thandane
Plural thandanani -thandaneni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyathandana, ngithandana engithandanayo, engithandana ngithandana angithandani engingathandani ngingathandani
2nd singular uyathandana, uthandana othandanayo, othandana uthandana awuthandani ongathandani ungathandani
1st plural siyathandana, sithandana esithandanayo, esithandana sithandana asithandani esingathandani singathandani
2nd plural niyathandana, nithandana enithandanayo, enithandana nithandana anithandani eningathandani ningathandani
Class 1 uyathandana, uthandana othandanayo, othandana ethandana akathandani ongathandani engathandani
Class 2 bayathandana, bathandana abathandanayo, abathandana bethandana abathandani abangathandani bengathandani
Class 3 uyathandana, uthandana othandanayo, othandana uthandana awuthandani ongathandani ungathandani
Class 4 iyathandana, ithandana ethandanayo, ethandana ithandana ayithandani engathandani ingathandani
Class 5 liyathandana, lithandana elithandanayo, elithandana lithandana alithandani elingathandani lingathandani
Class 6 ayathandana, athandana athandanayo, athandana ethandana awathandani angathandani engathandani
Class 7 siyathandana, sithandana esithandanayo, esithandana sithandana asithandani esingathandani singathandani
Class 8 ziyathandana, zithandana ezithandanayo, ezithandana zithandana azithandani ezingathandani zingathandani
Class 9 iyathandana, ithandana ethandanayo, ethandana ithandana ayithandani engathandani ingathandani
Class 10 ziyathandana, zithandana ezithandanayo, ezithandana zithandana azithandani ezingathandani zingathandani
Class 11 luyathandana, luthandana oluthandanayo, oluthandana luthandana aluthandani olungathandani lungathandani
Class 14 buyathandana, buthandana obuthandanayo, obuthandana buthandana abuthandani obungathandani bungathandani
Class 15 kuyathandana, kuthandana okuthandanayo, okuthandana kuthandana akuthandani okungathandani kungathandani
Class 17 kuyathandana, kuthandana okuthandanayo, okuthandana kuthandana akuthandani okungathandani kungathandani
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngithandanile, ngithandanē engithandanile, engithandanē ngithandanile, ngithandanē angithandananga engingathandananga ngingathandananga
2nd singular uthandanile, uthandanē othandanile, othandanē uthandanile, uthandanē awuthandananga ongathandananga ungathandananga
1st plural sithandanile, sithandanē esithandanile, esithandanē sithandanile, sithandanē asithandananga esingathandananga singathandananga
2nd plural nithandanile, nithandanē enithandanile, enithandanē nithandanile, nithandanē anithandananga eningathandananga ningathandananga
Class 1 uthandanile, uthandanē othandanile, othandanē ethandanile, ethandanē akathandananga ongathandananga engathandananga
Class 2 bathandanile, bathandanē abathandanile, abathandanē bethandanile, bethandanē abathandananga abangathandananga bengathandananga
Class 3 uthandanile, uthandanē othandanile, othandanē uthandanile, uthandanē awuthandananga ongathandananga ungathandananga
Class 4 ithandanile, ithandanē ethandanile, ethandanē ithandanile, ithandanē ayithandananga engathandananga ingathandananga
Class 5 lithandanile, lithandanē elithandanile, elithandanē lithandanile, lithandanē alithandananga elingathandananga lingathandananga
Class 6 athandanile, athandanē athandanile, athandanē ethandanile, ethandanē awathandananga angathandananga engathandananga
Class 7 sithandanile, sithandanē esithandanile, esithandanē sithandanile, sithandanē asithandananga esingathandananga singathandananga
Class 8 zithandanile, zithandanē ezithandanile, ezithandanē zithandanile, zithandanē azithandananga ezingathandananga zingathandananga
Class 9 ithandanile, ithandanē ethandanile, ethandanē ithandanile, ithandanē ayithandananga engathandananga ingathandananga
Class 10 zithandanile, zithandanē ezithandanile, ezithandanē zithandanile, zithandanē azithandananga ezingathandananga zingathandananga
Class 11 luthandanile, luthandanē oluthandanile, oluthandanē luthandanile, luthandanē aluthandananga olungathandananga lungathandananga
Class 14 buthandanile, buthandanē obuthandanile, obuthandanē buthandanile, buthandanē abuthandananga obungathandananga bungathandananga
Class 15 kuthandanile, kuthandanē okuthandanile, okuthandanē kuthandanile, kuthandanē akuthandananga okungathandananga kungathandananga
Class 17 kuthandanile, kuthandanē okuthandanile, okuthandanē kuthandanile, kuthandanē akuthandananga okungathandananga kungathandananga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāthandana engāthandana ngāthandana angithandananga engingathandananga ngingathandananga
2nd singular wāthandana owāthandana wāthandana awuthandananga ongathandananga ungathandananga
1st plural sāthandana esāthandana sāthandana asithandananga esingathandananga singathandananga
2nd plural nāthandana enāthandana nāthandana anithandananga eningathandananga ningathandananga
Class 1 wāthandana owāthandana āthandana akathandananga ongathandananga engathandananga
Class 2 bāthandana abāthandana bāthandana abathandananga abangathandananga bengathandananga
Class 3 wāthandana owāthandana wāthandana awuthandananga ongathandananga ungathandananga
Class 4 yāthandana eyāthandana yāthandana ayithandananga engathandananga ingathandananga
Class 5 lāthandana elāthandana lāthandana alithandananga elingathandananga lingathandananga
Class 6 āthandana āthandana āthandana awathandananga angathandananga engathandananga
Class 7 sāthandana esāthandana sāthandana asithandananga esingathandananga singathandananga
Class 8 zāthandana ezāthandana zāthandana azithandananga ezingathandananga zingathandananga
Class 9 yāthandana eyāthandana yāthandana ayithandananga engathandananga ingathandananga
Class 10 zāthandana ezāthandana zāthandana azithandananga ezingathandananga zingathandananga
Class 11 lwāthandana olwāthandana lwāthandana aluthandananga olungathandananga lungathandananga
Class 14 bāthandana obāthandana bāthandana abuthandananga obungathandananga bungathandananga
Class 15 kwāthandana okwāthandana kwāthandana akuthandananga okungathandananga kungathandananga
Class 17 kwāthandana okwāthandana kwāthandana akuthandananga okungathandananga kungathandananga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingathandana ngingathandana ngingethandane ngingethandane
2nd singular ungathandana ungathandana ungethandane ungethandane
1st plural singathandana singathandana singethandane singethandane
2nd plural ningathandana ningathandana ningethandane ningethandane
Class 1 angathandana engathandana angethandane engethandane
Class 2 bangathandana bengathandana bangethandane bengethandane
Class 3 ungathandana ungathandana ungethandane ungethandane
Class 4 ingathandana ingathandana ingethandane ingethandane
Class 5 lingathandana lingathandana lingethandane lingethandane
Class 6 angathandana engathandana angethandane engethandane
Class 7 singathandana singathandana singethandane singethandane
Class 8 zingathandana zingathandana zingethandane zingethandane
Class 9 ingathandana ingathandana ingethandane ingethandane
Class 10 zingathandana zingathandana zingethandane zingethandane
Class 11 lungathandana lungathandana lungethandane lungethandane
Class 14 bungathandana bungathandana bungethandane bungethandane
Class 15 kungathandana kungathandana kungethandane kungethandane
Class 17 kungathandana kungathandana kungethandane kungethandane
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizothandana engizothandana ngizothandana angizuthandana engingezuthandana ngingezuthandana
2nd singular uzothandana ozothandana uzothandana awuzuthandana ongezuthandana ungezuthandana
1st plural sizothandana esizothandana sizothandana asizuthandana esingezuthandana singezuthandana
2nd plural nizothandana enizothandana nizothandana anizuthandana eningezuthandana ningezuthandana
Class 1 uzothandana ozothandana ezothandana akazuthandana ongezuthandana engezuthandana
Class 2 bazothandana abazothandana bezothandana abazuthandana abangezuthandana bengezuthandana
Class 3 uzothandana ozothandana uzothandana awuzuthandana ongezuthandana ungezuthandana
Class 4 izothandana ezothandana izothandana ayizuthandana engezuthandana ingezuthandana
Class 5 lizothandana elizothandana lizothandana alizuthandana elingezuthandana lingezuthandana
Class 6 azothandana azothandana ezothandana awazuthandana angezuthandana engezuthandana
Class 7 sizothandana esizothandana sizothandana asizuthandana esingezuthandana singezuthandana
Class 8 zizothandana ezizothandana zizothandana azizuthandana ezingezuthandana zingezuthandana
Class 9 izothandana ezothandana izothandana ayizuthandana engezuthandana ingezuthandana
Class 10 zizothandana ezizothandana zizothandana azizuthandana ezingezuthandana zingezuthandana
Class 11 luzothandana oluzothandana luzothandana aluzuthandana olungezuthandana lungezuthandana
Class 14 buzothandana obuzothandana buzothandana abuzuthandana obungezuthandana bungezuthandana
Class 15 kuzothandana okuzothandana kuzothandana akuzuthandana okungezuthandana kungezuthandana
Class 17 kuzothandana okuzothandana kuzothandana akuzuthandana okungezuthandana kungezuthandana
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyothandana engiyothandana ngiyothandana angiyuthandana engingeyuthandana ngingeyuthandana
2nd singular uyothandana oyothandana uyothandana awuyuthandana ongeyuthandana ungeyuthandana
1st plural siyothandana esiyothandana siyothandana asiyuthandana esingeyuthandana singeyuthandana
2nd plural niyothandana eniyothandana niyothandana aniyuthandana eningeyuthandana ningeyuthandana
Class 1 uyothandana oyothandana eyothandana akayuthandana ongeyuthandana engeyuthandana
Class 2 bayothandana abayothandana beyothandana abayuthandana abangeyuthandana bengeyuthandana
Class 3 uyothandana oyothandana uyothandana awuyuthandana ongeyuthandana ungeyuthandana
Class 4 iyothandana eyothandana iyothandana ayiyuthandana engeyuthandana ingeyuthandana
Class 5 liyothandana eliyothandana liyothandana aliyuthandana elingeyuthandana lingeyuthandana
Class 6 ayothandana ayothandana eyothandana awayuthandana angeyuthandana engeyuthandana
Class 7 siyothandana esiyothandana siyothandana asiyuthandana esingeyuthandana singeyuthandana
Class 8 ziyothandana eziyothandana ziyothandana aziyuthandana ezingeyuthandana zingeyuthandana
Class 9 iyothandana eyothandana iyothandana ayiyuthandana engeyuthandana ingeyuthandana
Class 10 ziyothandana eziyothandana ziyothandana aziyuthandana ezingeyuthandana zingeyuthandana
Class 11 luyothandana oluyothandana luyothandana aluyuthandana olungeyuthandana lungeyuthandana
Class 14 buyothandana obuyothandana buyothandana abuyuthandana obungeyuthandana bungeyuthandana
Class 15 kuyothandana okuyothandana kuyothandana akuyuthandana okungeyuthandana kungeyuthandana
Class 17 kuyothandana okuyothandana kuyothandana akuyuthandana okungeyuthandana kungeyuthandana
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngithandane ngingathandani
2nd singular uthandane ungathandani
1st plural sithandane singathandani
2nd plural nithandane ningathandani
Class 1 athandane angathandani
Class 2 bathandane bangathandani
Class 3 uthandane ungathandani
Class 4 ithandane ingathandani
Class 5 lithandane lingathandani
Class 6 athandane angathandani
Class 7 sithandane singathandani
Class 8 zithandane zingathandani
Class 9 ithandane ingathandani
Class 10 zithandane zingathandani
Class 11 luthandane lungathandani
Class 14 buthandane bungathandani
Class 15 kuthandane kungathandani
Class 17 kuthandane kungathandani
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngathandana ngangathandana, angathandana, angangathandana
2nd singular wathandana wangathandana, awathandana, awangathandana
1st plural sathandana sangathandana, asathandana, asangathandana
2nd plural nathandana nangathandana, anathandana, anangathandana
Class 1 wathandana wangathandana, akathandana, akangathandana
Class 2 bathandana bangathandana, abathandana, abangathandana
Class 3 wathandana wangathandana, awathandana, awangathandana
Class 4 yathandana yangathandana, ayathandana, ayangathandana
Class 5 lathandana langathandana, alathandana, alangathandana
Class 6 athandana angathandana, awathandana, awangathandana
Class 7 sathandana sangathandana, asathandana, asangathandana
Class 8 zathandana zangathandana, azathandana, azangathandana
Class 9 yathandana yangathandana, ayathandana, ayangathandana
Class 10 zathandana zangathandana, azathandana, azangathandana
Class 11 lwathandana lwangathandana, alwathandana, alwangathandana
Class 14 bathandana bangathandana, abathandana, abangathandana
Class 15 kwathandana kwangathandana, akwathandana, akwangathandana
Class 17 kwathandana kwangathandana, akwathandana, akwangathandana

References edit