wꜥꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (passive participle): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaʕʀVw/ → /ˈwaʕə/ → /waʕ/

• (passive participle): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaʕʀVw/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (passive participle): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaʕə/
• (passive participle): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /waʕ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɑːʔɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: waa

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to speak evil, to curse or blaspheme (+ ḥr: about, against) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
2. (transitive) to revile (someone or something) [since the New Kingdom]

Usage notes

Possibly the same word as wꜣ (“to brood, to conspire”).

Inflection

Conjugation of wꜥꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜥꜣ, geminated stem: wꜥꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣw, wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣt	wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
wꜥꜣ	ḥr wꜥꜣ	m wꜥꜣ	r wꜥꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wꜥꜣ.n	wꜥꜣw, wꜥꜣ	consecutive	wꜥꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	wꜥꜣt
perfective3	wꜥꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	wꜥꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	wꜥꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣꜣ	potentialis1	wꜥꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	wꜥꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wꜥꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	wꜥꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣw5, wꜥꜣy5
imperfective	wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣy, wꜥꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣj6, wꜥꜣy6	wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣw5
prospective	wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣtj7	—	wꜥꜣtj4, wꜥꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜥꜣ  

wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣ	wꜥꜣ
[Late Egyptian]	[Late Egyptian]	[Late Period]

Descendants

• Demotic: wꜥy
  • (From the passive participle:)
  • ⇒ Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)
  • ⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)
  • ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 244.10–244.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 57
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 458.