yiłkaad

Navajo

Etymology

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -kaad (imperfective stem of root -KAAD, “flatness moves, liquid or profusion of small objects spreads out”).

Verb

yiłkaad

1. he/she is throwing it (a liquid)
2. he/she is throwing them (many small objects)

Usage notes

This verb refers to action that results in the object spreading out on a surface.

Conjugation

Paradigm: Momentaneous (∅/yi), with da-shift.

IMPERFECTIVE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	yishkaad	yiilkaad	deiilkaad
2nd person	niłkaad	wołkaad	daałkaad
3rd person	yiłkaad		deiłkaad
4th person	jiłkaad		dajiłkaad

PERFECTIVE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	yíłkaad	yiilkaad	dasiilkaad
2nd person	yíníłkaad	woołkaad	dasoołkaad
3rd person	yiyííłkaad		deiskaad
4th person	jííłkaad		dajiskaad

See also

Navajo Propel Themes				to throw it
Class	Examples	Theme
SRO	generic	ł	-NEʼ	yiłneʼ
SFO	rope; pairs; unknown; conglomerate	ł	-DÉÉL	yiłdeeł
FFO	sheet, paper	∅	-ʼAH	yiʼáád
SSO	stick, pole	ł	-TʼEʼ	yiłtʼeʼ
AnO	animate, doll
NCM	wig, hay; fog	ł	-JOOL	yiłjooł
MM	butter; frog	∅	-TŁÉÉʼ	yitłeeh
LPB	load, burden	∅	-YĮ́	yiyeeh
PlO1	severality	∅	-NIL	yinííł
PlO2	profusion	ł	-KAAD	yiłkaad
OC	severality/profusion in a container