हृदय

Hindi

हृदय

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Doublet of हिया (hiyā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɦɾɪ.d̪əj/, [ɦɾɪ.d̪ɐj]

Noun

हृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی)

1. (anatomy) heart

   रोगी का हृदय अभी भी धड़क रहा है।

   rogī kā hŕday abhī bhī dhaṛak rahā hai.

   The patient's heart is still beating.

   मेरा बाप का हृदय बहुत दुर्बल है।

   merā bāp kā hŕday bahut durbal hai.

   My father has a very weak heart.

   उसकी वाणी ने मेरे हृदय को छू दिया।

   uskī vāṇī ne mere hŕday ko chū diyā.

   His speech touched my heart.

Declension

Declension of हृदय (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	हृदय hŕday	हृदय hŕday
oblique	हृदय hŕday	हृदयों hŕdayõ
vocative	हृदय hŕday	हृदयो hŕdayo

Synonyms

• दिल (dil), हिया (hiyā)

Derived terms

• हृदयाघात (hŕdayāghāt, “heart attack”)
• हृदयकंप (hŕdaykamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
• हृदयग्राही (hŕdayagrāhī, “captivating, charming”)
• हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
• विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇahŕday, “heartbroken”)
• मृदुलहृदय (mŕdulhŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

हृदय

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Compare Old Marathi हृदा (hṛdā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɦɾu.d̪əj/

Noun

हृदय • (hŕday) n

1. (anatomy) heart

   Synonym: काळीज (kāḷīj)

Declension

Declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	हृदय hruday
direct plural	हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hŕdya
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	हृदय hruday		हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hŕdya
oblique सामान्यरूप	हृदया hrudayā		हृदयां- hrudayān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	हृदयाला hrudayālā		हृदयांना hrudayānnā
ergative	हृदयाने, हृदयानं hrudayāne, hrudayāna		हृदयांनी hrudayānnī
instrumental	हृदयाशी hrudayāśī		हृदयांशी hrudayānśī
locative सप्तमी	हृदयात hrudayāt		हृदयांत hrudayāt
vocative संबोधन	हृदया hrudayā		हृदयांनो hrudayānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	हृदयाचा hrudayāċā	हृदयाचे hrudayāċe	हृदयाची hrudayācī	हृदयाच्या hrudayācā	हृदयाचे, हृदयाचं hrudayāċe, hrudayāċa	हृदयाची hrudayācī	हृदयाच्या hrudayācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	हृदयांचा hrudayānċā	हृदयांचे hrudayānċe	हृदयांची hrudayāñcī	हृदयांच्या hrudayāncā	हृदयांचे, हृदयांचं hrudayānċe, hrudayānċa	हृदयांची hrudayāñcī	हृदयांच्या hrudayāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• हृदय विकाराचा झटका (hŕday vikārācā jhaṭkā, “heart attack”)
• हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted”)

See also

• धमनी (dhamnī, “artery”)
• नस (nas, “vein”)
• रक्ताभिसरण (raktābhisraṇ, “blood circulation”)
• रक्तदाब (raktadāb, “blood pressure”)
• रक्तपुरवठा (raktapuravṭhā, “blood supply”)
• रक्तपेढी (raktapeḍhī, “blood bank”)
• रक्तपेशी (raktapeśī, “blood cell”)
• रक्तवाहिनी (raktavāhinī, “blood vessel”)
• शीर (śīr, “vein”)

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾid̪ʌe]
• Phonetic Devanagari: रिदए

Noun

हृदय • (hr̥daya)

1. heart

See also

• मुटु (muṭu)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• হৃদয় (Assamese script)
• ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (Balinese script)
• হৃদয় (Bengali script)
• 𑰮𑰴𑰟𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀳𑀾𑀤𑀬 (Brahmi script)
• ဟၖဒယ (Burmese script)
• હૃદય (Gujarati script)
• ਹ੍ਰਦਯ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌹𑍃𑌦𑌯 (Grantha script)
• ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (Javanese script)
• 𑂯𑃂𑂠𑂨 (Kaithi script)
• ಹೃದಯ (Kannada script)
• ហ្ឫទយ (Khmer script)
• ຫ຺ຣິທຍ (Lao script)
• ഹൃദയ (Malayalam script)
• ᡥᡵᡳᡩᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘧 (Modi script)
• ᠾᠷᠢᢑᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧎𑧖𑦿𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐴𑐺𑐡𑐫 (Newa script)
• ହୃଦଯ (Odia script)
• ꢲꢺꢣꢫ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆲𑆸𑆢𑆪 (Sharada script)
• 𑖮𑖴𑖟𑖧 (Siddham script)
• හෘදය (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪂𑩙𑩭𑩻 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚩𑚛𑚣 (Takri script)
• ஹ்ரித³ய (Tamil script)
• హృదయ (Telugu script)
• หฺฤทย (Thai script)
• ཧྲྀ་ད་ཡ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒯𑒵𑒠𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨱𑨼𑨉𑨛𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱerd-

Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗrder.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam

Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) → English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdìs; Latin cors, cord- → English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦŕ̩.dɐ.jɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɦr̩.d̪ɐ.jɐ/

Noun

हृदय • (hṛ́daya) stem, n

1. (anatomy) the heart
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.53.8:

     यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे ।
     तया॑ समस्य॒ हृद॑य॒मा रि॑ख किकि॒रा कृ॑णु ॥

     yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe.
     táyā samasya hṛ́dayamā́ rikha kikirā́ kṛṇu.

     Resplendent Pūṣan, with that food-propelling goad which you bear, abrade the heart of every miser, and render it relaxed.

2. soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.9.6:

     वि मे॒ कर्णा॑ पतयतो॒ वि चक्षु॒र्वी॒३॒॑दं ज्योति॒र्हृद॑य॒ आहि॑तं॒ यत् ।
     वि मे॒ मन॑श्चरति दू॒रआ॑धी॒: किं स्वि॑द्व॒क्ष्यामि॒ किमु॒ नू म॑निष्ये ॥

     ví me kárṇā patayato ví cákṣurvī̀dáṃ jyótirhṛ́daya ā́hitaṃ yát.
     ví me mánaścarati dūráādhī: kíṃ svidvakṣyā́mi kímu nū́ maniṣye.

     Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.
     Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?

3. the heart or interior of the body
4. (figuratively) the heart, centre, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛ́daya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयम् hṛ́dayam	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Vocative	हृदय hṛ́daya	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Accusative	हृदयम् hṛ́dayam	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Instrumental	हृदयेन hṛ́dayena	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛ́dayaiḥ / hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹
Dative	हृदयाय hṛ́dayāya	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ
Ablative	हृदयात् hṛ́dayāt	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ
Genitive	हृदयस्य hṛ́dayasya	हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ	हृदयानाम् hṛ́dayānām
Locative	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ	हृदयेषु hṛ́dayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅 (hiaa), 𑀳𑀟𑀓 (haḍaka), 𑀳𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (haḍakka)
  • Assamese: হিয়া (hia)
  • Bengali: হিয়া (hiẏa)
  • Hindi: हिया (hiyā)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮𑀅 (halaa)
• Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀅 (hitaa), 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀧 (hitapa)
• Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩 (hidaya)
• → Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)
• Pali: hadaya
  • → Lao: ຫະໄທ (ha thai)
  • → Thai: หทัย
• Punjabi: ਹਿਰਦਾ (hirdā), ਹੀਆ (hīā)
• Romani: ilo
• → Assamese: হৃদয় (hridoy)
• → Bengali: হৃদয় (hridoẏ)
• → Hindi: हृदय (hŕday)
• → Old Javanese: hṛdaya
  • > Javanese: ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (hredaya), ꦮꦂꦢꦪ (wardaya), ꦢꦪ (daya) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (hredaya)
• → Old Javanese: darya, daya
• → Marathi: हृदय (hŕday)
• → Tamil: இதயம் (itayam)
• → Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)
• → Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)

Adjective

हृदय • (hṛdaya) stem

1. going to the heart
   1. (by extension) inward

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛdaya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयः hṛdayaḥ	हृदयौ / हृदया¹ hṛdayau / hṛdayā¹	हृदयाः / हृदयासः¹ hṛdayāḥ / hṛdayāsaḥ¹
Vocative	हृदय hṛdaya	हृदयौ / हृदया¹ hṛdayau / hṛdayā¹	हृदयाः / हृदयासः¹ hṛdayāḥ / hṛdayāsaḥ¹
Accusative	हृदयम् hṛdayam	हृदयौ / हृदया¹ hṛdayau / hṛdayā¹	हृदयान् hṛdayān
Instrumental	हृदयेन hṛdayena	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛdayaiḥ / hṛdayebhiḥ¹
Dative	हृदयाय hṛdayāya	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛdayebhyaḥ
Ablative	हृदयात् hṛdayāt	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛdayebhyaḥ
Genitive	हृदयस्य hṛdayasya	हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ	हृदयानाम् hṛdayānām
Locative	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ	हृदयेषु hṛdayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of हृदया (hṛdayā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदया hṛdayā	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदयाः hṛdayāḥ
Vocative	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदयाः hṛdayāḥ
Accusative	हृदयाम् hṛdayām	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदयाः hṛdayāḥ
Instrumental	हृदयया / हृदया¹ hṛdayayā / hṛdayā¹	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयाभिः hṛdayābhiḥ
Dative	हृदयायै hṛdayāyai	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयाभ्यः hṛdayābhyaḥ
Ablative	हृदयायाः / हृदयायै² hṛdayāyāḥ / hṛdayāyai²	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयाभ्यः hṛdayābhyaḥ
Genitive	हृदयायाः / हृदयायै² hṛdayāyāḥ / hṛdayāyai²	हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ	हृदयानाम् hṛdayānām
Locative	हृदयायाम् hṛdayāyām	हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ	हृदयासु hṛdayāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛdaya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयम् hṛdayam	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛdayāni / hṛdayā¹
Vocative	हृदय hṛdaya	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛdayāni / hṛdayā¹
Accusative	हृदयम् hṛdayam	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛdayāni / hṛdayā¹
Instrumental	हृदयेन hṛdayena	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛdayaiḥ / hṛdayebhiḥ¹
Dative	हृदयाय hṛdayāya	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛdayebhyaḥ
Ablative	हृदयात् hṛdayāt	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛdayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛdayebhyaḥ
Genitive	हृदयस्य hṛdayasya	हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ	हृदयानाम् hṛdayānām
Locative	हृदये hṛdaye	हृदययोः hṛdayayoḥ	हृदयेषु hṛdayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302/3.
• “हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hṛ́daya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 818
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 818