仏
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Han character edit
仏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人戈 (OI) or 難人戈 (XOI), four-corner 22230, composition ⿰亻厶)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 92, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 364
- Dae Jaweon: page 195, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 110, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4ECF
Chinese edit
Glyph origin edit
Used since Northern and Southern dynasties. To avoid using the character 佛, 某 (mǒu, “someone”) is used instead; the character is ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 亻 + 厶, where 厶 is a variant form of 某.
Etymology 1 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 仏 – see 佛 (“Buddha; The Enlightened One; statue of Buddha; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 佛). |
Etymology 2 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 仏 – see 似 (“to be like; to be similar to; to resemble; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 似). |
Japanese edit
仏 | |
佛 |
Kanji edit
(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 佛)
Readings edit
- Go-on: ぶつ (butsu, Jōyō); ぶち (buchi)
- Kan-on: ふつ (futsu)
- Kun: ほとけ (hotoke, 仏, Jōyō)
- Nanori: さとる (satoru)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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仏 |
ほとけ Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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佛 (kyūjitai) |
*⟨poto2ke2⟩ → */pətəkəi̯/ → /ɸotoke/ → /hotoke/
From Old Japanese, most likely from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye, hence related to modern Korean 부처 (Bucheo), Manchu ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi); see the Proto-Korean entry for more.[1][2] The word was presumably disseminated by the Baekje people of southwestern Korea, who first introduced Buddhism to Japan. The first two syllables are ultimately from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá), via Middle Chinese 佛陀 (MC bjut da) or some similar Sinitic form. Thomas Pellard speculates that the final element is an ancient Koreanic word for "king; lord".
The more traditional explanation still given in Japanese dictionaries is that the final ke element might be the Chinese-derived suffix 気 (ke, “spirit”),[3][4] but a Koreanic explanation is more plausible.
First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[4]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- (Buddhism) a buddha (enlightened or awakened sentient being)
- (Buddhism) a statue or image of any buddha
- a departed soul, deceased
- (colloquial) a term that a parent calls a child expressing parental affection, equivalent to “my dear”
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 7)[5]
- 我子の佛、變化の人と申しながら、こゝら大さまで養ひ奉る志疎かならず。
- Waga ko no hotoke, henge no hito to mōshinagara, kokora ōkisama de yashinai-tatematsuru kokorozashi oroka narazu.
- My dear child, when you are talking about someone who is a manifestation [of a supernatural entity], it would not be dumb to try to bring them up in this grand fashion.
- 我子の佛、變化の人と申しながら、こゝら大さまで養ひ奉る志疎かならず。
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 61)[5]
- あが仏、何事思ひたまふぞ。
- A ga hotoke, nanigoto omoitamau zo.
- My dear, what on earth are you thinking about?
- あが仏、何事思ひたまふぞ。
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 7)[5]
- (religion) Buddhism
- Synonym: 仏法 (Buppō)
- (Buddhism) performing a Buddhist memorial service
Derived terms edit
- 仏様 (hotoke-sama)
- 仏心 (hotoke-gokoro)
- 石仏 (ishibotoke)
- 金仏 (kanabotoke)
- 木仏 (kibotoke)
- 喉仏 (nodobotoke)
Proper noun edit
- (Buddhism) the Sakyamuni Buddha, Nepalese spiritual and philosophical teacher and founder of Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama
- (Buddhism) any of the other buddhas named in Buddhist scriptures
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
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仏 |
ぶつ Grade: 5 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
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佛 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 佛 (MC bjut), shortened from 佛陀 (MC bjut da), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Proper noun edit
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
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仏 |
ふつ Grade: 5 |
kan’on |
Alternative spelling |
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佛 (kyūjitai) |
Short form of ateji spelling 仏蘭西 (Furansu).
Pronunciation edit
Affix edit
- Short for フランス (Furansu): France
- 札幌日仏協会 ― Sapporo Nichi-Futsu Kyōkai ― The Sapporo Japan-France Society
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2006) “Why Manchu and Jurchen Look So Un-Tungusic”, in Alessandra Pozzi, Juha Janhunen and Michael Weiers, editors, Tumen jalafun secen aku. Manchu Studies in Honour of Giovanni Stary, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pages 255-266
- ^ Pellard, Thomas (2014) “The Awakened Lord: The Name of the Buddha in East Asia”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society[1],
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “仏”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Horiuchi, Hideaki with Ken Akiyama (1997) Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Okinawan edit
仏 | |
佛 |
Kanji edit
(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 佛)
Readings edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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仏 |
ふとぅき Grade: 5 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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佛 (kyūjitai) |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Cognate with standard Japanese 仏 (hotoke).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
仏 (futuki)
Derived terms edit
- 石仏 (ishibutuki)
- 神仏 (kamifutuki)
- 金仏 (kanibutuki)
- 木仏 (kibutuki)
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
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仏 |
ぶち Grade: 5 |
on’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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佛 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 佛 (MC bjut).
Cognate with standard Japanese 仏 (butsu).
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
仏 (Buchi)