佃

Translingual edit

Stroke order
Japanese For Chinese: swap strokes 5 and 6.

Han character edit

佃 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人田 (OW), four-corner 2620₀, composition ⿰亻田)

tenant farmer
be a tenant farmer

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 97, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 492
Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 133, character 3
Unihan data for U+4F43

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		佃

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 佃

**Bronze inscriptions**
b12375	b12376	b12377	b12378	b12379	b12380	b12381

**Small seal script**
s05838

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (田) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
田	*l'iːŋ
佃	l'iːŋ, l'iːŋs
畋	l'iːŋ, l'iːŋs
畇	l'iːŋ, sqʰʷin, sɢʷin, ɢʷin
鈿	l'iːŋ, l'iːŋs
沺	*l'iːŋ
甸	*l'iːŋs

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tián (tian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tián
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tián
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien²
  - Yale: tyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyan
  - Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin⁴
  - Yale: tìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: den

Rime
Character	佃
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒年切
Baxter	den
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/den/
Pan Wuyun	/den/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛn/
Li Rong	/den/
Wang Li	/dien/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tin⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l'iːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	佃
Reading #	1/2
No.	12393
Phonetic component	田
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	田
Old Chinese	/*l'iːŋ/

Definitions edit

佃

(literary) to till; to cultivate
(literary) Alternative form of 畋 (tián, “to hunt”)

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): din⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thien
Eastern Min (BUC): diêng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiān / tān

(Teochew, Peng'im): doin⁶
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dienn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: din⁶
  - Yale: dihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: din⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: din⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thien
  - Hakka Romanization System: tien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: diêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
  - Tâi-lô: tiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dien
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tān
  - Tâi-lô: tān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tan³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: doin⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tŏiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tõĩ³⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: dienn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ẽ⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: denH

Rime
Character	佃
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	堂練切
Baxter	denH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/den^H/
Pan Wuyun	/den^H/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛn^H/
Li Rong	/den^H/
Wang Li	/dien^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	din⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤiŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'iːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	佃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn
Middle Chinese	‹ den^H ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁiŋ-s/
English	hunt
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	佃
Reading #	2/2
No.	12400
Phonetic component	田
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	電
Old Chinese	/*l'iːŋs/

Definitions edit

佃

Synonyms edit

(to rent):

僱／雇 (gù)
承租 (chéngzū)
租 (zū)
租用 (zūyòng)
縛／缚 (Xiamen Hokkien)

Dialectal synonyms of 租 (“to rent”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		賃
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		租, 租賃
Mandarin	Taiwan	租
	Harbin	租
	Yantai (Muping)	租
	Jinan	租, 賃
	Luoyang	租, 賃
	Wanrong	租 more literary, 賃
	Xi'an	租, 賃
	Yinchuan	租, 賃
	Xining	租
	Ürümqi	租, 賃
	Wuhan	租
	Chengdu	租
	Guiyang	租, 佃
	Liuzhou	租
	Xuzhou	租, 賃
	Yangzhou	租
	Nanjing	租
	Singapore	租
Cantonese	Guangzhou	租
Cantonese	Hong Kong	租
Gan	Nanchang	租
Gan	Lichuan	賃
Hakka	Meixian	租
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	稅, 租
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	稅, 租
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	稅, 租
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	稅, 租
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	稅, 租
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	稅
Huizhou	Jixi	租
Jin	Taiyuan	租, 賃
Jin	Xinzhou	租, 賃
Northern Min	Jian'ou	租
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	租
Southern Min	Xiamen	稅
	Zhangzhou	稅
	Tainan	稅
	Penang (Hokkien)	稅
	Singapore (Hokkien)	稅
	Shantou	稅
	Shantou (Chenghai)	稅
	Jieyang	稅
	Singapore (Teochew)	稅
	Leizhou	租
	Haikou	租
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	租
Wu	Shanghai	租
	Shanghai (Chongming)	租
	Suzhou	租
	Danyang	租
	Hangzhou	租
	Wenzhou	稅
	Jinhua	賃
Xiang	Changsha	佃