損益

See also: 损益

Chinese

		to damage; injure; to lose to damage; injure; to lose; to harm	benefit; increase
trad. (損益)		損	益
simp. (损益)		损	益

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sǔnyì

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syun² jik¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sún-ek / sńg-ek

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sǔnyì
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sǔnyì
    • Wade–Giles: sun³-i⁴
    • Yale: swǔn-yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soenyih
    • Palladius: суньи (sunʹi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: syun² jik¹
    • Yale: syún yīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: syn² jik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: xun² yig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn³⁵ jɪk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún-ek
    • Tâi-lô: sún-ik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: swn'eg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /sun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sńg-ek
    • Tâi-lô: sńg-ik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sngfeg
    • IPA (Taipei): /sŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪk̚³²/

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• Middle Chinese: swonX 'jiek

Rime
Character	損	益
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇本切	伊昔切
Baxter	swonX	'jiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suənX/	/ʔiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/suonX/	/ʔiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/suənX/	/ʔiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swənX/	/ʔiajk̚/
Li Rong	/suənX/	/ʔiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/suənX/	/ĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/suənX/	/ʔi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǔn	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun2	jik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-q]ʷˤə[n]ʔ  q[i]k/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰuːnʔ  qleɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	損	益
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sǔn	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ swonX ›	‹ ʔjiek ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-q]ʷˁə[n]ʔ/	/*q[i]k/ (dialect: *-ik > *-ek)
English	diminish, damage	increase
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	損	益
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16202	15081
Phonetic component	員	益
Rime group	文	錫
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	損	益
Old Chinese	/*sqʰuːnʔ/	/*qleɡ/

Verb

損益

1. (literary, ergative) to increase and decrease; to modify; to evolve incrementally

   • 殷因於夏禮，所損益可知也；周因於殷禮，所損益可知也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     殷因于夏礼，所损益可知也；周因于殷礼，所损益可知也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yīn yīn yú Xià lǐ, suǒ sǔnyì kězhī yě; Zhōu yīn yú Yīn lǐ, suǒ sǔnyì kězhī yě. [Pinyin]

     The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Xia; wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Zhou dynasty has followed the regulations of Yin; wherein it took from or added to them may be known.

Noun

損益

1. (accounting) profit and loss

Japanese

Kanji in this term
損	益
そん Grade: 5	えき Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そ​んえき [sóꜜǹ'èkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sõ̞ɰ̃e̞kʲi]

Noun

損(そん)益(えき) • (son'eki) 

1. (finance) profit and loss, gain and loss

Derived terms

• 損益分岐点(そんえきぶんきてん) (son'eki bunkiten)