蚓

蚓	U+8693, 蚓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8693

Translingual edit

Han character edit

蚓 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中戈弓中 (LINL), four-corner 5210₀, composition ⿰虫引)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1077, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32866
Dae Jaweon: page 1546, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2841, character 2
Unihan data for U+8693

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		蚓
2nd round simp.		引
alternative forms		螾

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (引) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
紖	*l'inʔ
矧	*hlinʔ
訠	*hlinʔ
弞	hlinʔ, linʔ
引	linʔ, lins
蚓	*linʔ
鈏	linʔ, lins
靷	linʔ, lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *linʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect; worm”) + phonetic 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *zril (“worm”); cognate with Tibetan སྲིལ (sril, “silkworm”), Japhug qandʐe (“earthworm”) (STEDT; Paul, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐn (yin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jan⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ún / ín / kún / kín / lún

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐn
  - Wade–Giles: yin³
  - Yale: yǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiin
  - Palladius: инь (inʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jan⁵
  - Yale: yáhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jan⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ún
  - Tâi-lô: ún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uon
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /un⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /un⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ín
  - Tâi-lô: ín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ien
  - IPA (Taipei, Zhangzhou): /in⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kún
  - Tâi-lô: kún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kuon
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun⁴¹/
  - IPA (Tainan): /kun⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín
  - Tâi-lô: kín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kien
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /kin⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lún
  - Tâi-lô: lún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luon
  - IPA (Lukang): /lun⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: yinX

Rime
Character	蚓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余忍切
Baxter	yinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiɪn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jin^X/
Shao Rongfen	/jen^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jin^X/
Li Rong	/iĕn^X/
Wang Li	/jĭĕn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ĕn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)ə[r]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*linʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蚓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ yin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)ə[r]ʔ/
English	earth-worm (khjuw.yinX)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蚓
Reading #	1/1
No.	15307
Phonetic component	引
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	引
Old Chinese	/*linʔ/
Notes	說文同螾

Definitions edit

蚓

(biology or in fossilized compounds or dialectal) earthworm

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 蚯蚓 (“earthworm”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		蚓, 蚯蚓, 蜿蟺, 蜸蚕, 螼蚓
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蚯蚓
Mandarin	Beijing	曲蟮
	Taiwan	蚯蚓
	Tianjin	地蠶
	Langfang	曲拆
	Tangshan	曲坼
	Cangzhou	曲蟮
	Baoding	曲坼
	Shijiazhuang	曲曲蟮
	Daming	出串
	Ulanhot	曲蛇
	Tongliao	蚯蚓
	Chifeng	曲蟮
	Bayanhot	蚯蚓
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	蚯蚓
	Harbin	曲蛇
	Shenyang	曲蛇
	Yantai (Muping)	曲蛇
	Qingdao	曲蟮
	Jinan	曲蟮
	Luoyang	曲踡
	Wanrong	曲蟮
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	蚰蜒
	Zhengzhou	除串
	Xi'an	蚰蜒
	Yinchuan	土蟲
	Lanzhou	曲蟮
	Xining	曲蟮, 泥曲蟮
	Ürümqi	蚯蚓
	Wuhan	曲蟮
	Chengdu	曲蟮兒, 蚯蚓
	Guiyang	曲蟮
	Kunming	曲蟮
	Guilin	鴨蟲
	Liuzhou	鴨蟲
	Xuzhou	地曲, 蚯蚓
	Yangzhou	曲蟮
	Nanjing	曲蟮
	Hefei	曲蟮
	Nantong	地龍, 寒䘆
	Changle (Qinjiang)	曲蟮
	Singapore	蚯蚓
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	曲蟮
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	曲蟮
Cantonese	Guangzhou	黃䘆
	Hong Kong	黃䘆, 蚯蚓
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	鵝䘆, 蛇䘆, 禾䘆
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	禾䘆
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鵝䘆
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	蛇䘆
	Macau	河䘆
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	黃䘆, 塘䘆
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	黃䘆
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	黃䘆
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	鵝䘆
	Foshan	巷䘆
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	塘䘆
	Foshan (Shunde)	河䘆
	Foshan (Sanshui)	龍䘆
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	䘆
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	濠䘆
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	狗䘆
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	禾䘆, 黃䘆
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	禾䘆
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	黃䘆
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	黃䘆
	Taishan	黃䘆
	Kaiping (Chikan)	黃䘆
	Enping (Niujiang)	黃䘆
	Heshan (Yayao)	黃䘆
	Dongguan	禾䘆
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	黃䘆
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	蛇䘆, 蛇䘆公
	Qingyuan	黃䘆
	Fogang	黃䘆
	Yingde (Hanguang)	黃䘆
	Yangshan	黃䘆
	Lianshan (Butian)	蚓
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	蚓
	Shaoguan	黃䘆
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	黃䘆
	Renhua	䘆公
	Lechang	䘆公, 黃䘆
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	黃蚓
	Sihui	黃蚓
	Guangning	黃蚓
	Deqing	黃蚓
	Huaiji	黃䘆
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	蚓
	Yunfu	黃蚓
	Xinxing	虎蚓
	Luoding	黃䘆
	Yunan (Pingtai)	黃䘆
	Xinyi	黃䘆
	Lianjiang	泥䘆
	Nanning	黃䘆
	Wuzhou	黃䘆, 地龍
	Yulin	蛆彈
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	土努
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	黃䘆
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	黃䘆
Gan	Nanchang	寒螼子, 寒螼
	Lichuan	塘蟻
	Pingxiang	回䘆
	Taining	河䘆
Hakka	Meixian	䘆公
	Xingning	䘆公
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	䘆
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	䘆
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	䘆
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	䘆
	Huidong (Daling)	䘆公
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	蟲䘆
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	䘆
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	䘆
	Boluo (Bendihua)	䘆
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	紅䘆
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	蟲䘆
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	河䘆
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	河䘆
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	紅䘆
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	䘆公
	Wuhua (Changbu)	䘆公
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	紅䘆
	Wuhua (Meilin)	紅䘆
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	䘆公
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	䘆
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	䘆
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	䘆
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	䘆
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	紅䘆
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	黃䘆
	Liannan	䘆公
	Conghua (Lütian)	黃蟮
	Jiexi	紅䘆
	Changting	黃䘆
	Wuping	黃䘆
	Wuping (Pingyu)	紅䘆
	Liancheng	黃䘆
	Ninghua	河䘆
	Yudu	河䘆, 禾䘆, 䘆
	Ruijin	河䘆
	Shicheng	河蟻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	䘆公
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	䘆公
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	䘆公
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	蟲䘆
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	蟲䘆
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	䘆公, 蟲䘆
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	蟲䘆
	Hong Kong	蟲䘆, 紅䘆
	Luchuan	黃䘆
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	紅䘆
	Sabah (Longchuan)	紅䘆
	Senai (Huiyang)	紅䘆
	Singkawang	紅䘆, 紅䘆公
Huizhou	Jixi	河蟻
	Shexian	紅蟻
	Tunxi	河䘆
	Xiuning	蚢䘆
	Qimen	𧑚䘆兒, 克俊
	Wuyuan	兔
Jin	Taiyuan	曲蟮
	Xinzhou	茭子魚兒, 曲蟮兒
	Taibus (Baochang)	蚯蚓
	Linhe	蚯蚓
	Jining	蚯蚓
	Hohhot	曲蟮
	Baotou	蚯蚓
	Dongsheng	蚯蚓
	Haibowan	蚯蚓
	Zhangjiakou	曲蟮
	Handan	出串
Northern Min	Jian'ou	加溜䘆, 地龍 large, 地龍杠 large
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	溜䘆
	Jianyang	尿䘆
	Wuyishan	地䘆
	Pucheng (Shibei)	溜䘆
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	猴蚓, 地龍 large
	Changle	猴蚓
	Fuqing	琴蚓, 地龍 large
	Yongtai	猴蚓
	Fu'an	猴蚓
	Ningde	猴蚓
	Shouning	猴蚓
	Zhouning	猴蚓
	Fuding	猴蚓
Southern Min	Xiamen	杜蚓, 猴蚓
	Quanzhou	猴蚓
	Jinjiang	猴蚓
	Yongchun	猴蚓
	Zhangzhou	杜蚓
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	杜蚓
	Dongshan	杜蚓
	Taipei	牛貫, 杜蚓仔, 杜蚓
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	杜蚓
	Kaohsiung	杜蚓仔
	Yilan	杜蚓
	Changhua (Lukang)	杜蚓
	Taichung	杜蚓仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	杜蚓
	Tainan	杜蚓仔
	Taitung	杜蚓
	Hsinchu	杜蚓
	Kinmen	杜蚓
	Penghu (Magong)	塗蚓, 杜蚓
	Penang (Hokkien)	cacing
	Singapore (Hokkien)	杜蚓, 猴蚓
	Manila (Hokkien)	猴蚓
	Longyan	鴨蟲
	Zhangping	垢蚓
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	垢蚓
	Datian	猴蚓
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	杜蚓
	Chaozhou	蚯蚓
	Shantou	蚯蚓
	Jieyang	蚯蚓
	Haifeng	蚯蚓
	Bangkok (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	塗蚓
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Pontianak (Teochew)	蚯蚓, cacing
	Leizhou	塗蚓𧊗
	Wenchang	餌龍
	Haikou	塗蚓, 餌龍
Puxian Min	Putian	猴蚓, 墿龍
	Putian (Donghai)	猴蚓
	Putian (Jiangkou)	猴蚓
	Putian (Nanri)	猴蚓
	Xianyou	猴蚓
	Xianyou (Fengting)	猴蚓
	Xianyou (Youyang)	猴蚓
	Fuding (Aoyao)	猴蚓
Central Min	Yong'an	蝦䘆
	Sanyuan	河䘆
	Shaxian	河䘆
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	黃䘆
	Jiangle	河䘆
	Mingxi	葫蘆䘆
	Shunchang	河䘆
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	猴蚓
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	土䏰
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蚯青
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	蚓
Wu	Shanghai	曲蟮, 蚯蚓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	觸蟮
	Suzhou	曲蟮
	Wuxi	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Danyang	曲蟮
	Hangzhou	曲蟮
	Ningbo	曲蟮
	Wenzhou	康䘆
	Jinhua	蟮麵, 水麵
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	蟮麵
Xiang	Changsha	曲蟮子
	Xiangtan	曲線子
	Loudi	曲蟮子, 曲蟮
	Shuangfeng	曲染子
	Quanzhou	鴨蟲