講習

See also: 讲习

Chinese

		to talk; speech; to speak to talk; speech; to speak; to tell; to explain	to practise; to study; habit
trad. (講習)		講	習
simp. (讲习)		讲	习

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǎngxí

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong² zaap⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): káng-si̍p

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎngxí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˇ ㄒㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎngsí
    • Wade–Giles: chiang³-hsi²
    • Yale: jyǎng-syí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeangshyi
    • Palladius: цзянси (czjansi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gong² zaap⁶
    • Yale: góng jaahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong² dzaap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong² zab⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³⁵ t͡saːp̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káng-si̍p
    • Tâi-lô: káng-si̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafngsip
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sip̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sip̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kaewngX zip

Rime
Character	講	習
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	江 (9)	侵 (141)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古項切	似入切
Baxter	kaewngX	zip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠʌŋX/	/ziɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚɔŋX/	/zip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɔŋX/	/zjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨwŋX/	/zip̚/
Li Rong	/kɔŋX/	/ziəp̚/
Wang Li	/kɔŋX/	/zĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɔŋX/	/zi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎng	xí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong2	zap6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤroŋʔ  s-ɢʷəp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːŋʔ  ljub/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	講	習
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǎng	xí
Middle Chinese	‹ kaewngX ›	‹ zip ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁroŋʔ/	/*s-ɢʷəp/ (with root *ɢʷəp ‘wing’?)
English	explain; discuss	repeat; practice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	講	習
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	4201	13387
Phonetic component	冓	習
Rime group	東	緝
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	講	習
Old Chinese	/*kroːŋʔ/	/*ljub/

Verb

講習

1. to lecture and study

   • 麗澤兌，君子以朋友講習。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     丽泽兑，君子以朋友讲习。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE

     Lì zé duì, jūnzǐ yǐ péngyǒu jiǎngxí. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 講習所／讲习所
• 講習會／讲习会 (jiǎngxíhuì)
• 講習班／讲习班 (jiǎngxíbān)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (講習):

• → Japanese: 講(こう)習(しゅう) (kōshū)
• → Korean: 강습(講習) (gangseup)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
講	習
こう Grade: 5	しゅう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

講(こう)習(しゅう) • (kōshū) 

1. short course, class

Verb

講(こう)習(しゅう)する • (kōshū suru) suru (stem 講(こう)習(しゅう)し (kōshū shi), past 講(こう)習(しゅう)した (kōshū shita))

1. take a course

Conjugation

Conjugation of "講習する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	講習し	こうしゅうし	kōshū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	講習し	こうしゅうし	kōshū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	講習する	こうしゅうする	kōshū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	講習する	こうしゅうする	kōshū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	講習すれ	こうしゅうすれ	kōshū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	講習せよ¹ 講習しろ²	こうしゅうせよ¹ こうしゅうしろ²	kōshū seyo¹ kōshū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	講習される	こうしゅうされる	kōshū sareru
Causative	講習させる 講習さす	こうしゅうさせる こうしゅうさす	kōshū saseru kōshū sasu
Potential	講習できる	こうしゅうできる	kōshū dekiru
Volitional	講習しよう	こうしゅうしよう	kōshū shiyō
Negative	講習しない	こうしゅうしない	kōshū shinai
Negative continuative	講習せず	こうしゅうせず	kōshū sezu
Formal	講習します	こうしゅうします	kōshū shimasu
Perfective	講習した	こうしゅうした	kōshū shita
Conjunctive	講習して	こうしゅうして	kōshū shite
Hypothetical conditional	講習すれば	こうしゅうすれば	kōshū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative