買春

Chinese edit

		buy	spring (time); gay; joyful spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life
trad. (買春)		買	春
simp. (买春)		买	春

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mǎichūn

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄞˇ ㄔㄨㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maai⁵ ceon¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bé-chhun / bóe-chhun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǎichūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄞˇ ㄔㄨㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǎichun
  - Wade–Giles: mai³-chʻun¹
  - Yale: mǎi-chwūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maechuen
  - Palladius: майчунь (majčunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: maai⁵ ceon¹
  - Yale: máaih chēun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maai⁵ tsoen¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mai⁵ cên¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːi̯¹³ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-chhun / bóe-chhun
  - Tâi-lô: bé-tshun / bué-tshun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: befzhwn, boefzhwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/, /bue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰun³³/, /bue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/, /bue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/, /bue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/, /bue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: meaX tsyhwin

Rime
Character	買	春
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	莫蟹切	昌脣切
Baxter	meaX	tsyhwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠɛ^X/	/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚæ^X/	/t͡ɕʰʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/mæi^X/	/t͡ɕʰjuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨj^X/	/cʰwin/
Li Rong	/mɛ^X/	/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/
Wang Li	/mai^X/	/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/mai^X/	/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǎi	chūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maai⁵	ceon¹

Verb edit

買春

to buy wine
to get scenes of springtime
to visit a prostitute

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
買	春
ばい Grade: 2	しゅん Grade: 2
kan’on	on’yomi

Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 買春 (MC meaX tsyhwin, literally “buy + springtime”).

Date of first use in Japanese is uncertain.

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) ばいしゅん [bàíshúń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ba̠iɕɨ̃ᵝɴ]

Noun edit

買(ばい)春(しゅん) • (baishun) ^{←ばいしゆん (baisyun)^?}

buying of sex, a visit to a prostitute

Verb edit

買(ばい)春(しゅん)する • (baishun suru) ^{←ばいしゆん (baisyun)^?}suru (stem 買(ばい)春(しゅん)し (baishun shi), past 買(ばい)春(しゅん)した (baishun shita))

to buy sex, to visit a prostitute

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "買春する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	買春し	ばいしゅんし	baishun shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	買春し	ばいしゅんし	baishun shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	買春する	ばいしゅんする	baishun suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	買春する	ばいしゅんする	baishun suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	買春すれ	ばいしゅんすれ	baishun sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	買春せよ¹ 買春しろ²	ばいしゅんせよ¹ ばいしゅんしろ²	baishun seyo¹ baishun shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	買春される	ばいしゅんされる	baishun sareru
Causative	買春させる買春さす	ばいしゅんさせるばいしゅんさす	baishun saseru baishun sasu
Potential	買春できる	ばいしゅんできる	baishun dekiru
Volitional	買春しよう	ばいしゅんしよう	baishun shiyō
Negative	買春しない	ばいしゅんしない	baishun shinai
Negative continuative	買春せず	ばいしゅんせず	baishun sezu
Formal	買春します	ばいしゅんします	baishun shimasu
Perfective	買春した	ばいしゅんした	baishun shita
Conjunctive	買春して	ばいしゅんして	baishun shite
Hypothetical conditional	買春すれば	ばいしゅんすれば	baishun sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
買	春
か(い) Grade: 2	しゅん Grade: 2
kun’yomi	on’yomi

Phonological re-analysis of 買春(ばいしゅん) (baishun), replacing the on'yomi reading of bai with the kun'yomi reading of kai to avoid ambiguity with 売春 (baishun, “prostitution, the selling of sex”).^[3]

Date of first use is uncertain, but it would be before the inclusion of this term in the 1999 law 児童買春処罰法 (Jidō Kaishun Shobatsu Hō, “Act on Punishment of Activities Relating to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and the Protection of Children”).^[3]

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ka̠iɕɨ̃ᵝɴ]

Noun edit

買春(かいしゅん) • (kaishun) ^{←かひしゆん (kafisyun)^?}

buying of sex

Verb edit

買春(かいしゅん)する • (kaishun suru) ^{←かひしゆん (kafisyun)^?}suru (stem 買春(かいしゅん)し (kaishun shi), past 買春(かいしゅん)した (kaishun shita))

to buy sex

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "買春する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	買春し	かいしゅんし	kaishun shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	買春し	かいしゅんし	kaishun shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	買春する	かいしゅんする	kaishun suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	買春する	かいしゅんする	kaishun suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	買春すれ	かいしゅんすれ	kaishun sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	買春せよ¹ 買春しろ²	かいしゅんせよ¹ かいしゅんしろ²	kaishun seyo¹ kaishun shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	買春される	かいしゅんされる	kaishun sareru
Causative	買春させる買春さす	かいしゅんさせるかいしゅんさす	kaishun saseru kaishun sasu
Potential	買春できる	かいしゅんできる	kaishun dekiru
Volitional	買春しよう	かいしゅんしよう	kaishun shiyō
Negative	買春しない	かいしゅんしない	kaishun shinai
Negative continuative	買春せず	かいしゅんせず	kaishun sezu
Formal	買春します	かいしゅんします	kaishun shimasu
Perfective	買春した	かいしゅんした	kaishun shita
Conjunctive	買春して	かいしゅんして	kaishun shite
Hypothetical conditional	買春すれば	かいしゅんすれば	kaishun sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Usage notes edit

かいしゅん (kaishun) is the more common reading for 買春(ばいしゅん) (baishun) to distinguish this from homophonic 売春(ばいしゅん) (baishun, “prostitution”).

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 “買春”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
買	春

Noun edit

買春 • (maechun) (hangeul 매춘)

Hanja form^? of 매춘.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-2] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DDJS-3] 3.0 ^3.1 “買春”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[1]

[2]

[3]