-ött
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From -ö- (linking vowel) + -tt (past-participle and past-tense suffix).
Suffix edit
-ött
- past-tense and past-participle suffix (homonymous form in the vast majority of verbs):
- (past-tense suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past tense of a verb)
- (past-participle suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past participle of a verb)
Usage notes edit
- (past-participle and past-tense suffix) Variants:
- -t is added to monosyllabic verbs ending in j, l, ly, n, ny, r (fáj, szel, fon, huny, sír) and to many bisyllabic verbs ending in -ad/-ed (akad, ered)
- -tt is added to verbs ending in a vowel (sző, nő, fő, lő, ró, rí)
- -ott is added to back-vowel verbs
- -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
- -ött is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
- (past-participle suffix) This form is the only option attributively. Predicatively, however, a construction of the existential verb van (or its negative form nincs) and the adverbial participle (with -va/-ve) is preferable,[1] especially when speaking of the result achieved,[2] although the suffix -t/-ott/-ett/-ött occurs predicatively as well, disputed as it may be.[3]
Declension edit
For the past-participle suffix only:
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front rounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -ött | -öttek |
| accusative | -öttet | -ötteket |
| dative | -öttnek | -ötteknek |
| instrumental | -öttel | -öttekkel |
| causal-final | -öttért | -öttekért |
| translative | -ötté | -öttekké |
| terminative | -öttig | -öttekig |
| essive-formal | -öttként | -öttekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | -öttben | -öttekben |
| superessive | -öttön | -ötteken |
| adessive | -öttnél | -ötteknél |
| illative | -öttbe | -öttekbe |
| sublative | -öttre | -öttekre |
| allative | -ötthöz | -öttekhez |
| elative | -öttből | -öttekből |
| delative | -öttről | -öttekről |
| ablative | -öttől | -öttektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-ötté | -ötteké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-öttéi | -öttekéi |
Etymology 2 edit
From -ö- (linking vowel) + -tt (locative suffix).
Suffix edit
-ött
- (archaic, locative suffix) in (forms the locative case)
Usage notes edit
- (locative suffix) It is used only in a few city/town names along with the inessive case or superessive case.[3] It can also be observed in a few local adverbs and postpositions. It is no longer productive. Variants:
- -t
- -tt is added to words ending in a vowel
- -ott is added to back-vowel words
- Kaposvárott (also with -t), Vácott, (Székes)fehérvárott, Kapuvárott, (outside present-day Hungary)
Érsekújvárott, Gyulafehérvárott, Kolozsvárott (also with -t), Temesvárott, (in Russia) (Szent)pétervárott
- Kaposvárott (also with -t), Vácott, (Székes)fehérvárott, Kapuvárott, (outside present-day Hungary)
- -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- -ött is added to rounded front-vowel words
- Győrött (and Diósgyőrött), fölött, mögött, között