U+C774, 이
HANGUL SYLLABLE I
Composition: +

[U+C773]
Hangul Syllables
[U+C775]




의 ←→ 자
See also: -이 and -이-

Cia-Cia edit

Preposition edit

(’i)

  1. the locative particle: in; at

Jeju edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Sino-Korean word from . Cognate with Korean (i).

Numeral edit

(i)

  1. two

Etymology 2 edit

Cognate with Korean (i).

Determiner edit

(i)

  1. this

See also edit

  • (geu, that)
  • (jeo, that (distal))

References edit

  • ” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

Korean edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, this), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, this). False cognate of Malayalam (ī, this) and other Dravidian terms.

Pronunciation edit

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?i
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: / 에 /

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

Determiner edit

(i)

  1. this (proximal determiner)
    Synonym: (yo, this, diminutive)
    Coordinate terms: (geu, that, mesial), (jeo, that, distal)
    그림 있다.
    I geurim-eul bon jeog-i itda.
    I have seen this picture.
    (file)

Pronoun edit

(i)

  1. (literary, formal or dialectal) this, this thing, this person
    Synonyms: 이것 (igeot, this thing), 이거 (igeo, this thing, colloquial), (yae, this person, colloquial)
    Coordinate terms: (geu, that, mesial), (jeo, that, distal)
    뭣고? (Zen Buddhist koan, Gyeongsang dialect)I mwotgo?What is this?
    대한민국 시민으로서 납득할 없습니다.
    Daehanmin'guk simin-euroseo i-neun napdeukhal su eopseumnida.
    As a citizen of the Republic of Korea, this is not something I can accept.
  2. (dialectal) here
    Synonym: 여기 (yeogi)
Usage notes edit

In spoken Korean, the word is used only as a determiner. To say "this person", "this thing", etc., a noun must be present: 사람 (i saram, this person), (i geot, this thing), etc.

See also edit
Korean demonstratives edit
Determiner 어느
Pronoun Human 이이 그이 저이
이분 그분 저분 어느
이자 그자 저자
Object () () 어느
이것 그것 저것 어느
이거 그거 저거 어느
Place 여기 거기 저기 어디
이곳 그곳 저곳 어느 곳
Direction 이쪽 그쪽 저쪽 어느
Time 이때 그때 접때 언제
Verb 이러다 그러다 저러다 어쩌다
이리하다 그리하다 저리하다 어찌하다
Adjective 이렇다 그렇다 저렇다 어떻다
이러하다 그러하다 저러하다 어떠하다
Adverb 이리 그리 저리 어찌
이렇게 그렇게 저렇게 어떻게
이만큼 그만큼 저만큼 얼마만큼(얼마큼)

Etymology 2 edit

Sino-Korean word from , from the Middle Korean reading ᅀᅵ〯 (Yale: ), from Middle Chinese (MC nyijH).

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?ī
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: / 이 / 이까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

Korean numbers (edit)
20
 ←  1 2 3  → 
    Native isol.: (dul)
    Native attr.: (du)
    Sino-Korean: (i)
    Hanja:
    Ordinal: 둘째 (duljjae)

Numeral edit

(i) (hanja )

  1. two
Usage notes edit

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

  • 종이 장(張) (jong'i du jang, two sheets of paper, native numeral)
  • 분(分) (i bun, two minutes, Sino-Korean numeral)
  • 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, thirty people, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

  • 반(班) (se ban, three school classes, native numeral)
  • 반(班) (sam ban, Class Number Three, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

  • 하나 주세 (hana-man deo juse-yo, Could you give me just one more, please, native numeral)
  • 더하기 ? (il deohagi ir-eun?, What's one plus one?, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 니〮 (Yale: ). Compounds still retain the original form.

Pronunciation edit

In isolation or as the initial element of a compound:

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?i

As the non-initial element of a compound:

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?ni
Revised Romanization (translit.)?ni
McCune–Reischauer?ni
Yale Romanization?ni
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: / 에 /

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

 
(i, “teeth”)

Noun edit

(i)

  1. tooth, teeth (chiefly of a human)
    Synonyms: 이빨 (ippal, tooth, of an animal or colloquially of a human), 치아(齒牙) (tooth, formal, academic)
    아프다
    i-ga apeuda
    for the teeth to hurt; to have a toothache
    으면 잇몸으로 산다. (proverb)
    I eops-eumyeon inmom-euro sanda.
    With no teeth, I'd live with my gum.
  2. the teeth of a saw or a similar jagged surface
    빠진
    i ppajin keop
    a chipped cup
    (file)
  3. (rare) mechanical joint
    Synonym: 이음 (ieum)
Usage notes edit
  • In South Korea, the compounded form is written (ni) to reflect the actual pronunciation. In North Korea, it is written (i) for consistency. The pronunciation is the same in both countries except if spelling pronunciation interferes for some North Koreans.
Alternative forms edit
  • (ni, as the second element of a compound, in South Korean orthography)
Derived terms edit
  • 금니 (geumni, gold teeth)
  • 덧니 (deonni, snaggleteeth)
  • (dialectal) 막니 (mangni, wisdom teeth)
  • 사랑니 (sarangni, wisdom teeth)
  • 송곳니 (songgonni, canine teeth)
  • 아랫니 (araenni, lower teeth)
  • 앞니 (amni, incisor)
  • 어금니 (eogeumni, molar)
  • 윗니 (winni, upper teeth)
  • 은니 (eunni, silver teeth)
  • 이빨 (ippal, (animal) teeth)
  • 잇몸 (inmom, gums in the mouth)
  • 젖니 (jeonni, baby teeth)
  • 틀니 (teulli, dentures)
See also edit
  • (chi, tooth), the hanja used in many teeth-related words

Etymology 4 edit

From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, person).

Pronunciation edit

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?i

Dependent noun edit

(i)

  1. (formal, literary or dated) person, man (in the gender-neutral sense)
    말하 없이 고요하다.
    Malha-neun i eopsi goyohada.
    It is quiet, with no man to talk.
    (file)
    저기 가는 누구?
    Jeogi ganeun i-ga nugu-yo?
    Who is that man passing yonder?
    (file)
    Synonyms: 사람 (saram), (ja), (bun, polite)
Derived terms edit

Etymology 5 edit

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 니〮 (Yale: ). Compounds still retain the original form.

Pronunciation edit

In isolation or as the initial element of a compound:

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?i
 
(i, “louse”)

As the non-initial element of a compound:

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?ni
Revised Romanization (translit.)?ni
McCune–Reischauer?ni
Yale Romanization?ni
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: / 에 /

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

Noun edit

(i)

  1. louse (tiny bloodsucking insect)
Usage notes edit
  • In South Korea, the compounded form is written (ni) to reflect the actual pronunciation. In North Korea, it is written (i) for consistency. The pronunciation is the same in both countries except if spelling pronunciation interferes for some North Koreans.
Alternative forms edit
  • (ni)as the second element of a compound, in South Korean orthography
Derived terms edit

Etymology 6 edit

Sino-Korean word from , Middle Korean reading 리〯 () and 니〯 ().

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?I
Revised Romanization (translit.)?I
McCune–Reischauer?I
Yale Romanization?ī

Proper noun edit

South Korean
Standard Language
이(李) (i)
North Korean
Standard Language
리(李) (ri)

(I) (hanja )

  1. a surname, the second most common Korean surname, used by roughly 7.3 million people in South Korea as of 2015
Usage notes edit
  • 98.5% of South Koreans with this surname romanize it as "Lee".[1] North Koreans tend to romanize it as "Ri".

Etymology 7 edit

Sino-Korean word from , from the Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Yale: ), from Middle Chinese (MC liX).

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?ī

Noun edit

South Korean
Standard Language
/(理) (i/ri)
North Korean
Standard Language
리(理) (ri)

(i) (hanja )

  1. (East Asian philosophy, especially Confucianism) li, the underlying ordering principle of the cosmos
    Coordinate term: 기(氣) (gi, vital force engendering the cosmos)
Usage notes edit
  • In the case of this specific word, the (ri) pronunciation is common even in South Korea. The reason may be to avoid homophony with other Chinese characters, given the context of East Asian philosophy where single-character Chinese terms are common.
Derived terms edit

Etymology 8 edit

Sino-Korean word from , from Middle Chinese (MC lijH, “profit”).

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?ī

Noun edit

South Korean
Standard Language
이(利) (i)
North Korean
Standard Language
리(利) (ri)

(i) (hanja )

  1. (possibly dated) profit, benefit
    Synonyms: 이득(利得), 이익(利益)
  2. (rare, dated) interest
    Synonyms: 변리(邊利), 이자(利子)
Derived terms edit

Etymology 9 edit

From English e.

Pronunciation edit

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?i
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: / 에 /

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

Noun edit

(i)

  1. The Korean reading of the Latin alphabet letter e.
    1. (mathematics) In particular, the Korean reading of the number that is the base of natural logarithms (approximately 2.718281828459), written e.

Etymology 10 edit

Sino-Korean word from

Pronunciation edit

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?i
McCune–Reischauer?i
Yale Romanization?i

Numeral edit

(i) (hanja )

  1. (rare, archaic) one-hundredth, 10-2

Etymology 11 edit

Proper noun edit

(I) (hanja )

  1. Alternative form of (I, Italy (in news headlines))

Etymology 12 edit

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable edit

(i)

Extended content
  1. : two
    (eumhun reading: (du i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyijH))
  2. : by means of; thereby
    (eumhun reading: (sseo i))
    (MC reading: (MC yiX))
  3. : already
    (eumhun reading: 이미 (imi i))
    (MC reading: (MC yiX|yiH))
  4. : ear
    (eumhun reading: (gwi i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyiX))
  5. : particle used in literary Chinese
    (eumhun reading: 말이을 (marieul i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyi))
  6. : different
    (eumhun reading: 다를 (dareul i))
    (MC reading: (MC yiH))
  7. : move; transfer
    (eumhun reading: 옮길 (omgil i))
    (MC reading: (MC ye))
  8. : barbarian
    (eumhun reading: 오랑캐 (orangkae i))
    (MC reading: (MC yij))
  9. : earring
    (eumhun reading: 귀고리 (gwigori i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyiH))
  10. : that
    (eumhun reading: (jeo i))
    (MC reading: (MC 'jij))
  11. : easy
    (eumhun reading: 쉬울 (swiul i))
    (MC reading: (MC yeH|yek))
  12. : delay
    (eumhun reading: 늦출 (neutchul i))
    (MC reading: (MC syeX))
  13. : to be glad; happy
    (eumhun reading: 기쁠 (gippeul i))
    (MC reading: (MC yi))
  14. : you
    (eumhun reading: (neo i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyeX))
  15. : honorable
    (eumhun reading: 떳떳할 (tteottteothal i))
    (MC reading: )
  16. : aunt
    (eumhun reading: 이모 (imo i))
    (MC reading: (MC yij))
  17. : injury; wound
    (eumhun reading: 상처 (sangcheo i))
    (MC reading: (MC yij))
  18. : learn
    (eumhun reading: 익힐 (ikhil i))
    (MC reading: (MC yijH))
  19. : plantain
    (eumhun reading: 질경이 (jilgyeong'i i))
    (MC reading: (MC yiX))
  20. : to cut
    (eumhun reading: 베일 (beil i))
    (MC reading: (MC yij|dej))
  21. : cause
    (eumhun reading: 끼칠 (kkichil i))
    (MC reading: (MC yi))
  22. : close; near
    (eumhun reading: 가까울 (gakkaul i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyeX))
  23. : Yeot, Korean taffy
    (eumhun reading: (yeot i))
    (MC reading: (MC yi))
  24. : two
    (eumhun reading: (du i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyijH))
  25. : happy
    (eumhun reading: 기쁠 (gippeul i))
    (MC reading: (MC yi|xi))
  26. : linden tree
    (eumhun reading: 피나무 (pinamu i))
    (MC reading: (MC ye|drjeX))
  27. : toughmeat
    (eumhun reading: 힘줄이질길 (himjurijilgil i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyiH))
  28. : woman's courtesy name
    (eumhun reading: 여자의자 (yeojauija i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyiH))
  29. : preciousstone
    (eumhun reading: 옥돌 (okdol i))
    (MC reading: (MC yij))
  30. : swallow
    (eumhun reading: 제비 (jebi i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyi))
  31. : place name
    (eumhun reading: 고을 이름 (go'eul ireum i))
    (MC reading: (MC zjenH|yenH))
  32. : second place
    (eumhun reading: 버금 (beogeum i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyiH|nojH))
  33. : respect
    (eumhun reading: 공경할 (gonggyeonghal i))
    (MC reading: (MC yiH|yik))
  34. : a forced laugh
    (eumhun reading: 선웃음 칠 (seonuseum chil i))
    (MC reading: (MC 'jij))
  35. : Alternative form of
    (eumhun reading: (neo i))
    (MC reading: )
  36. : black mushroom
    (eumhun reading: 목이버섯 (mogibeoseot i))
    (MC reading: )
  37. : runnynose
    (eumhun reading: 콧물 (konmul i))
    (MC reading: (MC yij|thejH))
  38. : swagger
    (eumhun reading: 으쓱거릴 (eusseukgeoril i))
    (MC reading: )
  39. : askew
    (eumhun reading: 비스듬할 (biseudeumhal i))
    (MC reading: )
  40. : reach
    (eumhun reading: 미칠 (michil i))
    (MC reading: (MC yijH))
  41. : Alternative form of
    (MC reading: )
  42. : bait
    (eumhun reading: 미끼 (mikki i))
    (MC reading: (MC nyiH))

Etymology 13 edit

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. As the non-initial element of a compound, they are read as (ri).

After a language reform in North Korea in the mid-twentieth century intended to make Sino-Korean readings uniform, they are always read as (ri) in all environments.

Syllable edit

(i)

Extended content
  1. (South Korea) : town
    (eumhun reading: 마을 (ma'eul i))
    (MC reading: (MC liX))
  2. (South Korea) : rule
    (eumhun reading: 다스릴 (daseuril i))
    (MC reading: (MC liX))
  3. (South Korea) : benefit
    (eumhun reading: 이로울 (iroul i))
    (MC reading: (MC lijH))
  4. (South Korea) : pear tree
    (eumhun reading: 배나무 (baenamu i))
    (MC reading: (MC lij))
  5. (South Korea) : plum tree
    (eumhun reading: 오얏나무 (oyannamu i))
    (MC reading: (MC liX))
  6. (South Korea) : petty official
    (eumhun reading: 아전 (ajeon i))
    (MC reading: (MC liH))
  7. (South Korea) : leave
    (eumhun reading: 떠날 (tteonal i))
    (MC reading: (MC lje|ljeH|lejH))
  8. (South Korea) : inside
    (eumhun reading: (sok i))
    (MC reading: (MC liX))
  9. (South Korea) : trample, step on
    (eumhun reading: 밟을 (balbeul i))
    (MC reading: (MC lijX))
  10. (South Korea) : vulgar
    (eumhun reading: 속될 (sokdoel i))
    (MC reading: (MC liX))
  11. (South Korea) : jasmine
    (eumhun reading: 말리 (malli i))
    (MC reading: (MC drij|dri|lej))
  12. (South Korea) : glass
    (eumhun reading: 유리 (yuri i))
    (MC reading: (MC lje))
  13. (South Korea) : clever
    (eumhun reading: 똑똑할 (ttokttokhal i))
    (MC reading: )
  14. (South Korea) : thin voice
    (eumhun reading: 가는 소리 (ganeun sori i))
    (MC reading: )
  15. (South Korea) : nautical mile
    (eumhun reading: 해리 (haeri i))
    (MC reading: )
  16. (South Korea) : wild cat
    (eumhun reading: (sak i))
    (MC reading: (MC li))
  17. (South Korea) : diarrhea
    (eumhun reading: 설사 (seolsa i))
    (MC reading: (MC lijH))
  18. (South Korea) : fence
    (eumhun reading: 울타리 (ultari i))
    (MC reading: (MC lje))
  19. (South Korea) : fall ill, get sick
    (eumhun reading: 걸릴 (geollil i))
    (MC reading: (MC lje))
  20. (South Korea) : ashen
    (eumhun reading: 파리할 (parihal i))
    (MC reading: (MC ljwe))
  21. (South Korea) : ruling
    (eumhun reading: 다스릴 (daseuril i))
    (MC reading: (MC li))
  22. (South Korea) : carp
    (eumhun reading: 잉어 (ing'eo i))
    (MC reading: (MC liX))
  23. (South Korea) : reach
    (eumhun reading: 다다를 (dadareul i))
    (MC reading: (MC lijH|lejH))
  24. (South Korea) 𢻠: upright
    (eumhun reading: 바르다 (bareuda i))
    (MC reading: 𢻠)
  25. (South Korea) : plow
    (eumhun reading: (bat gal i))
    (MC reading: (MC lij))
  26. (South Korea) : spread
    (eumhun reading: 퍼질 (peojil i))
    (MC reading: (MC trhje))
  27. (South Korea) : peel
    (eumhun reading: 벗길 (beotgil i))
    (MC reading: (MC li))
  28. (South Korea) : a particle
    (eumhun reading: 어조사 (eojosa i))
    (MC reading: )
  29. (South Korea) : widow
    (eumhun reading: 과부 (gwabu i))
    (MC reading: (MC li))
  30. (South Korea) : reach
    (eumhun reading: 다다를 (dadareul i))
    (MC reading: (MC lijH))
  31. (South Korea) : clam
    (eumhun reading: 참조개 (chamjogae i))
    (MC reading: (MC lij))
  32. (South Korea) : hornless dragon
    (eumhun reading: 교룡 (gyoryong i))
    (MC reading: (MC trhje))
  33. (South Korea) : lynx
    (eumhun reading: (sak i))
    (MC reading: (MC li))
  34. (South Korea) : connect
    (eumhun reading: 이어질 (ieojil i))
    (MC reading: (MC ljeX))
  35. (South Korea) : goblin
    (eumhun reading: 도깨비 (dokkaebi i))
    (MC reading: (MC trhje))
  36. (South Korea) : flypaper
    (eumhun reading: 끈끈이 (kkeunkkeuni i))
    (MC reading: (MC lje|trhje))
  37. (South Korea) : to permeate
    (eumhun reading: 스며들 (seumyeodeul i))
    (MC reading: (MC lje))
  38. (South Korea) : Alternative form of
    (MC reading: (MC liX))
  39. (South Korea) : Alternative form of
    (MC reading: (MC lje|trhje))
  40. (South Korea) : Alternative form of
    (MC reading: )
  41. (South Korea) : Alternative form of
    (MC reading: )
  42. (South Korea) : Alternative form of
    (MC reading: (MC lej))

Etymology 14 edit

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. As the non-initial element of a compound, they are read as (ni).

After a language reform in North Korea in the mid-twentieth century intended to make Sino-Korean readings uniform, they are always read as (ni)in all environments.

Syllable edit

(i)

Extended content
  1. (South Korea) : mud
    (eumhun reading: 진흙 (jinheuk i))
    (MC reading: (MC nej|nejH))
  2. (South Korea) : Buddhist nun
    (eumhun reading: 여승 (yeoseung i))
    (MC reading: (MC nrij))
  3. (South Korea) : overgrown
    (eumhun reading: 무성한 (museonghan i))
    (MC reading: (MC nrij|nrijX))
  4. (South Korea) : abundant
    (eumhun reading: 많을 (maneul i))
    (MC reading: (MC mjieX))
  5. (South Korea) : greasy
    (eumhun reading: 기름질 (gireumjil i))
    (MC reading: (MC nrijH))
  6. (South Korea) : strong fragrance
    (eumhun reading: 진한 향기 (jinhan hyanggi i))
    (MC reading: )
  7. (South Korea) : feel good
    (eumhun reading: 마음 좋을 (ma'eum-i jo'eul i))
    (MC reading: )
  8. (South Korea) : whisper
    (eumhun reading: 소곤거릴 (sogon'georil i))
    (MC reading: (MC nrij))
  9. (South Korea) : ashamed
    (eumhun reading: 부끄러워할 (bukkeureowohal i))
    (MC reading: (MC nrij))
  10. (South Korea) : shrine for a deceased father
    (eumhun reading: 아버지 사당 (abeoji sadang i))
    (MC reading: )

References edit

  1. ^ '김·이·박·최'의 영어표기를 외국인이 읽는다면? [If a foreigner were to read the romanizations of "Kim", "Lee", "Park", and "Choi"?]”, in Yonhap News Agency[1], 2017