User:Hk5183/syriac
Summary table edit
The Syriac alphabet consists of the following letters, shown in their isolated (non-connected) forms. When isolated, the letters kāp̄, mīm, and mūn are usually shown with their initial form connected to their final form (see below). The letters ʾālep̄, dālaṯ, hē, waw, zayn, ṣāḏē, rēš and taw (and, in early ʾEsṭrangēlā manuscripts, the letter semkaṯ[1]) do not connect to a following letter within a word; these are marked with an asterisk (*).
| Letter | Sound Value (Classical Syriac) |
Numerical Value |
Phoenician Equivalent |
Imperial Aramaic Equivalent |
Hebrew Equivalent |
Arabic
Equivalent | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Translit. | ʾEsṭrangēlā | Maḏnḥāyā (eastern) | Serṭā (western) | Unicode
(typing) |
Transliteration | IPA | |||||
| *ܐܠܦ | ʾĀlep̄ *Also pronounced ʾĀlap̄ or ʾOlaf (Sertoܐܳܠܰܦ) in Western Syriac. | 
|
|
|
ܐ | ʾ or null mater lectionis: ā |
ʔ or ∅ mater lectionis: ɑ |
1 | 𐤀 (ʾ) | 𐡀 | א | ا |
| ܒܝܬ | Bēṯ | 
|
|
|
ܒ | hard: b soft: ḇ (also bh, v or β) |
hard: b soft: v or w |
2 | 𐤁 (b) | 𐡁 | ב | ب |
| ܓܡܠ | Gāmal | 
|
|
|
ܓ | hard: g soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ or γ) |
hard: ɡ soft: ɣ |
3 | 𐤂 (g) | 𐡂 | ג | ج |
| *ܕܠܬ | Dālaṯ* | 
|
|
|
ܕ | hard: d soft: ḏ (also dh, ð or δ) |
hard: d soft: ð |
4 | 𐤃 (d) | 𐡃 | ד | د / ذ |
| *ܗܐ | He* | 
|
|
|
ܗ | h | h | 5 | 𐤄 (h) | 𐡄 | ה | ه |
| *ܘܘ | Waw* | 
|
|
|
ܘ | consonant: w mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o) |
consonant: w mater lectionis: u or o |
6 | 𐤅 (w) | 𐡅 | ו | و |
| *ܙܝܢ | Zayin* | 
|
|
|
ܙ | z | z | 7 | 𐤆 (z) | 𐡆 | ז | ز |
| ܚܝܬ | Ḥēṯ | 
|
|
|
ܚ | ḥ (also H, kh, x or ħ) | ħ, x or χ | 8 | 𐤇 (ḥ) | 𐡇 | ח | ح |
| ܛܝܬ | Ṭēṯ | 
|
|
|
ܛ | ṭ (also T or ţ) | tˤ | 9 | phn|𐤈}} | 𐡈 | ט | ط |
| ܝܘܕ | Yodh | 
|
|
|
ܝ | consonant: y mater lectionis: ī (also i) |
consonant: j mater lectionis: i or e |
10 | 𐤉 (y) | 𐡉 | י | ي |
| ܟܦ | Kāp̄ | 
|
|
|
ܟܟ | hard: k soft: ḵ (also kh or x) |
hard: k soft: x |
20 | 𐤊 (k) | 𐡊 | כ ך | ك |
| ܠܡܕ | Lāmaḏ | 
|
|
|
ܠ | l | l | 30 | 𐤋 | 𐡋 | ל | ل |
| ܡܝܡ | Mīm | 
|
|
|
ܡܡ | m | m | 40 | 𐤌 | 𐡌 | מ ם | م |
| ܢܘܢ | Nūn | 
|
|
|
ܢܢ | n | n | 50 | 𐤍 | 𐡍 | נ ן | ن |
| ܣܡܟܬ | Semkaṯ | 
|
|
|
ܣ | s | s | 60 | 𐤎 | 𐡎 | ס | س |
| ܥܐ | ʿĒ | 
|
|
|
ܥ | ʿ | ʕ Among most Assyrian Neo-Aramaic speakers, the pharyngeal sound of ʿĒ (ʕ) is not pronounced as such; rather, it typically merges into the plain sound of ʾĀlep̄ ([ʔ] or ∅) or geminates a previous consonant. | 70 | 𐤏 | 𐡏 | ע | ع |
| ܦܐ | Pe (Semitic letter) | 
|
|
|
ܦ | hard: p soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph or f) |
hard: p soft: f |
80 | 𐤐 | 𐡐 | פ ף | ف |
| *ܨܕܐ | Ṣāḏē* | 
|
|
|
ܨ | ṣ (also S or ş) | sˤ | 90 | 𐤑 | 𐡑 | צ ץ | ص |
| ܩܘܦ | Qōp̄ | 
|
|
|
ܩ | q (also ḳ) | q | 100 | 𐤒 | 𐡒 | ק | ق |
| *ܪܝܫ | Rēš* | 
|
|
|
ܪ | r | r | 200 | 𐤓 | 𐡓 | ר | ر |
| ܫܝܢ | Šīn | 
|
|
|
ܫ | š (also sh) | ʃ | 300 | 𐤔 | 𐡔 | ש | س / ش |
| *ܬܘ | Taw* | 
|
|
|
ܬ | hard: t soft: ṯ (also th or θ) |
hard: t soft: θ |
400 | 𐤕 | 𐡕 | ת | ت / ث |
| Aleph (Hebrew)א | Bet ב | Gime ג | Daled ד | He ה | Vav ו | Zayin ז | Heth ח | Teth ט | Yod י | Kaph כ]]/ ך |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Lamed ל | Mem מ / ם | Nun נ]]/ ן | Samekh ס | Ayin ע | Pe פ / ף | Tsadi צ / ץ | Qof ק | Resh ר | Shin ש | Tav ת |
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Note: Final forms are to the left of the initial/medial forms.
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