arbiter
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English arbiter, arbytour, arbitre, from Old French arbitre, from Latin arbiter (“a witness, judge, literally one who goes to see”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation): IPA(key): /ˈɑːbɪtə(ɹ)/
Audio (US) (file)
Noun edit
arbiter (plural arbiters)
- A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them; an arbitrator.
- 1931, William Bennett Munro, The government of the United States, national, state, and local, page 495:
- In order to protect individual liberty there must be an arbiter between the governing powers and the governed.
- (with of) A person or object having the power of judging, determining, or ordaining; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited.
- Television and film, not Vogue and similar magazines, are the arbiters of fashion.
- 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Starships: Dreadnought Codex entry:
- The dreadnought is the ultimate arbiter of space warfare; millions of tons of metal, ceramic, and polymer dedicated to the projection of firepower against an enemy vessel of like ability. No sane commander would face a dreadnought with anything less than another dreadnought.
- (electronics) A component in circuitry that allocates scarce resources.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
|
|
Verb edit
arbiter (third-person singular simple present arbiters, present participle arbitering, simple past and past participle arbitered)
- (transitive) To act as arbiter.
- 2003, Jean-Benoit Nadeau, Julie Barlow, Sixty Million Frenchmen Can't be Wrong: Why We Love France But Not the French, page 116:
- Worse, since there was no institution to arbiter disagreements between Parliament and the government, whenever Parliament voted against the government on the smallest issues, coalitions fragmented, and governments had to be recomposed.
Further reading edit
- “arbiter”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “arbiter”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Anagrams edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch arbiter, from Latin arbiter.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
arbitèr (first-person possessive arbiterku, second-person possessive arbitermu, third-person possessive arbiternya)
- arbiter, arbitrator: a person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them.
- Synonym: arbitrator
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “arbiter” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Uncertain, but probably cognate to Umbrian ařputrati (“according to the judgement”, abl.sg.), corresponding to Latin arbitrātū. Possibly from ad- + baetō, with sporadic d > r as in arvorsum, arfuise, thus originally meaning "one that goes to something in order to see or hear it". However, that verb has no certain etymology, and the Umbrian pu remains unexplained. De Vaan suggests a derivation from putō to explain the Umbrian pu, however that is still morphologically difficult since the latter is based on an adjective. The voiced b would have to be exceptional or explained by some peculiarity of the řp sequence in Umbrian.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈar.bi.ter/, [ˈärbɪt̪ɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈar.bi.ter/, [ˈärbit̪er]
Noun edit
arbiter m (genitive arbitrī, feminine arbitra); second declension
- witness, spectator, onlooker
- Synonym: testis
- (law) arbitrator, arbiter (having a wider power than a iūdex)
- (transferred sense) judge, umpire, arbitrator, arbiter
- Synonyms: iūdex, disceptātor, spectātor
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.665–666:
- pācis et armōrum superīs īmīsque deōrum
arbiter, ālātō quī pede carpis iter- In peace and war, [you] arbiter of the gods – for [those both] above and below – you who navigate the journey with winged foot, [...].
(The poet is addressing Mercury (mythology).)
- In peace and war, [you] arbiter of the gods – for [those both] above and below – you who navigate the journey with winged foot, [...].
- pācis et armōrum superīs īmīsque deōrum
- overseer, controller, ruler
Declension edit
Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | arbiter | arbitrī |
Genitive | arbitrī | arbitrōrum |
Dative | arbitrō | arbitrīs |
Accusative | arbitrum | arbitrōs |
Ablative | arbitrō | arbitrīs |
Vocative | arbiter | arbitrī |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Portuguese: álvidro
Borrowings:
- → Catalan: àrbitre
- → English: arbiter
- → French: arbitre
- → Italian: arbitro
- → Portuguese: árbitro
- → Romanian: arbitru
- → Sicilian: àrbitru
- → Spanish: árbitro
References edit
- “arbiter” on page 175 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “arbiter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50
Further reading edit
- “arbiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “arbiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- arbiter in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) in private; tête-à-tête: remotis arbitris or secreto
- (ambiguous) in private; tête-à-tête: remotis arbitris or secreto
- “arbiter”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “arbiter”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
arbiter m pers
- (law) arbiter (person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them)
- authority (person)
- (sports) referee (umpire, judge of a game)
- Synonym: sędzia
Declension edit
Related terms edit
- arbiter
- arbitralność
- arbitraż