fatwa
English
editEtymology
editThe noun is borrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”) (whence مُفْتٍ (muftin, “mufti”), the active participle of the same verb: see mufti).[1]
The forms fetwa, fetwah are derived from Italian fetfà (obsolete), and directly from its etymon Ottoman Turkish فتوی (fetva) (modern Turkish fetva), from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā): see above.[1]
Modern uses of noun sense 1.2 (“decree that a person should be put to death”) and the corresponding verb sense are probably influenced by the issuance of a fatwa on 14 February 1989 by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1900 or 1902 – 1989), the Supreme Leader of Iran, calling for the British-American author Salman Rushdie (born 1947) and his publishers to be put to death for alleged blasphemy in his novel The Satanic Verses (1988).[1]
The plural form fatawa is borrowed from Arabic فَتَاوَى (fatāwā).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Pronunciation
edit- Singular:
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈfætwɑː/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈfætwɑ/, /ˈfɑt-/, /ˈfət-/
- Hyphenation: fat‧wa
- Plural (fatawa):
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈfætɑːwɑː/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈfætɑwɑ/, /ˈfɑt-/, /ˈfət-/
- Hyphenation: fat‧a‧wa
Noun
editfatwa (plural fatwas or (rare) fatawa)
- (Islam)
- A formal legal decree, opinion, or ruling issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority.
- The website contains fatwas on points of Islamic law that arise in court cases.
- (by extension, loosely, erroneous) A decree issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority that a person should be put to death, usually as punishment for committing apostasy or blasphemy.
- A formal legal decree, opinion, or ruling issued by a mufti or other Islamic judicial authority.
- (religion, by extension) A formal decree or ruling, or statement, issued by an authority of a religion other than Islam.
- (figurative, informal) An emphatic decree or opinion, especially one which condemns or criticizes.
Alternative forms
editTranslations
edit
|
Verb
editfatwa (third-person singular simple present fatwas, present participle fatwaing, simple past and past participle fatwaed)
- (transitive, rare) To issue a fatwa (noun sense 1) against (someone); specifically (loosely, erroneous), a fatwa imposing a ban or a death sentence.
- 1999, Mary Anne Weaver, “Life in the Alleys”, in A Portrait of Egypt: A Journey through the World of Militant Islam, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, page 141:
- Unlike many writers and artists, Chahine had not been fatwaed by the militants, but he felt threatened nevertheless.
- 2002, South Asia Politics, volume 1, New Delhi: Rashtriya Jagriti Sansthan, →OCLC, page 30, column 2:
- One wonders why these terrorists are not fatwaed.
- 2013 April 15, Katie Van Syckle, “Q&A: Salman Rushdie Talks ‘Midnight’s Children,’ Other Projects”, in Rolling Stone[1], New York, N.Y.: Penske Media Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-12:
- 'I'm just beginning one,' says famously-fatwaed author of new novel [subtitle]
- 2015, Mohamed Gibril Sesay, “The Youth of Paradise”, in This Side of Nothingness […] (Sierra Leonean Writers Series), Freetown, Sierra Leone: Karantha Publishers, →ISBN, page 186:
- Ask Salman Rushdie. He was fatwaed for linking facts and fiction in ways that the mullahs say they should not be linked.
Translations
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “fatwa, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “fatwa, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
edit- fatwa on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- “fatwa”, in Collins English Dictionary.
- “fatwa” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2024.
- “fatwa”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- “fatwa”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams
editDanish
editEtymology
editFrom Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfatwa c
Declension
editcommon gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | fatwa | fatwaen | fatwaer | fatwaerne |
genitive | fatwas | fatwaens | fatwaers | fatwaernes |
Related terms
editFinnish
editEtymology
editArabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”)
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈfɑtwɑ/, [ˈfɑ̝t̪wɑ̝]
- IPA(key): /ˈfɑtʋɑ/, [ˈfɑ̝t̪ʋɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ɑtwɑ
- Syllabification(key): fat‧wa
Noun
editfatwa
Declension
editInflection of fatwa (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | fatwa | fatwat | |
genitive | fatwan | fatwojen | |
partitive | fatwaa | fatwoja | |
illative | fatwaan | fatwoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | fatwa | fatwat | |
accusative | nom. | fatwa | fatwat |
gen. | fatwan | ||
genitive | fatwan | fatwojen fatwain rare | |
partitive | fatwaa | fatwoja | |
inessive | fatwassa | fatwoissa | |
elative | fatwasta | fatwoista | |
illative | fatwaan | fatwoihin | |
adessive | fatwalla | fatwoilla | |
ablative | fatwalta | fatwoilta | |
allative | fatwalle | fatwoille | |
essive | fatwana | fatwoina | |
translative | fatwaksi | fatwoiksi | |
abessive | fatwatta | fatwoitta | |
instructive | — | fatwoin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
French
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfatwa f (plural fatwas)
Related terms
editIndonesian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”). Doublet of petuah.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfatwa (first-person possessive fatwaku, second-person possessive fatwamu, third-person possessive fatwanya)
- fatwa (legal opinion issued by a mufti)
- Synonym: petuah
- (figurative) advice from elder or pious people
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “fatwa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfatwa f (invariable)
Related terms
editMalay
editEtymology
editFrom Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā, “formal legal opinion”), the verbal noun of أَفْتَى (ʔaftā, “to deliver a formal opinion”). Doublet of petua.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfatwa (Jawi spelling فتوى, plural fatwa-fatwa, informal 1st possessive fatwaku, 2nd possessive fatwamu, 3rd possessive fatwanya)
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “fatwa” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Polish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic فَتْوَى (fatwā).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editfatwa f
Declension
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
editPortuguese
editPronunciation
edit
Noun
editfatwa f (plural fatwas)
- Alternative form of fátua
Spanish
editNoun
editfatwa f (plural fatwas)
- Alternative spelling of fatua
- English terms derived from Arabic
- English terms derived from the Arabic root ف ت و
- English terms borrowed from Arabic
- English terms derived from Italian
- English terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Islam
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Religion
- English informal terms
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with rare senses
- English terms with quotations
- en:Directives
- Danish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Danish terms derived from Arabic
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish terms spelled with W
- Danish common-gender nouns
- da:Islam
- Finnish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Finnish terms derived from Arabic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑtwɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑtwɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms spelled with W
- fi:Islam
- Finnish kala-type nominals
- French terms borrowed from Arabic
- French terms derived from Arabic
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- Rhymes:French/a
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French terms spelled with W
- French feminine nouns
- fr:Islam
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Indonesian terms derived from Arabic
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Italian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Italian terms derived from Arabic
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/atwa
- Rhymes:Italian/atwa/2 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian terms spelled with W
- Italian feminine nouns
- it:Islam
- Malay terms borrowed from Arabic
- Malay terms derived from Arabic
- Malay doublets
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- ms:Islam
- Polish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Polish terms derived from Arabic
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/atfa
- Rhymes:Polish/atfa/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish feminine nouns
- pl:Islam
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese terms spelled with W
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish terms spelled with W
- Spanish feminine nouns