hallik
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Reanalysis of an earlier third-person plural definite form hallik, hall + -ik (in the sense hallják (“they hear it”)) as a passive (middle-voice) form and its object as a subject (which used to coincide, as the object was unmarked).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
hallik
- (intransitive, archaic) Alternative form of hallatszik (“to sound, to be audible, to be able to be heard”)
Usage notes edit
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
- The stative types of the sense verbs feel, smell, and taste are uncommon in Hungarian (i.e., those expressing some sensory information conveyed, in contrast to the voluntary actions of using these senses or the involuntary perception). Instead, adjectival (-ú/-ű/-jú/-jű) and possessive (…-a/-e/-ja/-je van) constructions are used, and these are also applicable for sound. (The first two rows are for action verbs and perception verbs that behave similarly to English.)
| see / look | hear / sound | smell | taste | feel / touch | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action verb | (meg)néz | (meg)hallgat | (meg)szagol | (meg)kóstol, (literary) (meg)ízlel |
megfog, (meg)tapint, (meg)tapogat | |
| Perception verb | lát | hall | érez | |||
| Sta- tive |
verb | látszik, tűnik, kinéz, fest |
hangzik hallatszik |
(érződik or archaic érzik) affecting one: esik (jólesik / rosszulesik) | ||
| adjective | … kinézetű / külsejű (someone’s appearance) |
… hangú, … hangzású |
… szagú (bad/neutral) … illatú (pleasant) |
… ízű | … tapintású | |
| possessive | … kinézete / külseje van … a kinézete / külseje |
… hangja van … a hangja |
… szaga / illata van …a szaga / …az illata |
… íze van … az íze |
… tapintása van … a tapintása | |
Examples:
- Ez a torta citromízű. = Ennek a tortának citromíze van. ― This cake tastes of lemon.
- Ez az autó benzinszagú. = Ennek az autónak benzinszaga van. ― This car smells of petrol.
- Ez az étel finom illatú. = Ennek az ételnek finom illata van. = Ennek az ételnek finom az illata. ― This dish smells delicious.
- Ez a szövet selymes tapintású. = Ennek a szövetnek selymes tapintása van = …selymes a tapintása. ― This fabric feels silky.
On the other hand, certain verbs can express particular sensory impressions, e.g. illatozik (“to smell sweet, to be fragrant”) and bűzlik (“to stink, to reek”).
Conjugation edit
conjugation of hallik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | only 3rd-person forms | hallik | only 3rd-person forms | hallanak | |||
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | ― | hallott | ― | hallottak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hallani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ― | halla or hallék |
― | hallának | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hallik vala, hallott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | ― | halland (or hallandik) |
― | hallandanak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | hallana (or hallanék) |
― | hallanának | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hallott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | halljon or halljék |
― | halljanak | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hallott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | hallani | ― | hallania | ― | hallaniuk | ||||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| hallás | halló | hallott | ― | hallva (hallván) | |||||
potential conjugation of hallik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | only 3rd-person forms | hallhat (or hallhatik) |
only 3rd-person forms | hallhatnak | |||
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | ― | hallhatott | ― | hallhattak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ― | hallhata or hallhaték |
― | hallhatának | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hallhat vala, hallhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | ― | hallhatand or hallandhat (or hallhatandik or hallandhatik) |
― | hallhatandanak or hallandhatnak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | hallhatna (or hallhatnék) |
― | hallhatnának | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hallhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | hallhasson (or hallhassék) |
― | hallhassanak | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hallhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (hallhatni) | ― | (hallhatnia) | ― | (hallhatniuk) | ||||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hallhatva / hallhatván) | ||||
Derived terms edit
(With verbal prefixes):
References edit
- ^ Page 5 in Az ikes ragozás -ik ragjának eredete by Gedeon Mészöly in Nyelvtudományi Közlemények
Further reading edit
- hallik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Swedish hallick, from Czech holomek, ultimately from holý (“naked”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hallik m (definite singular halliken, indefinite plural halliker, definite plural hallikene)
- a pimp, someone who solicits prostitution
Derived terms edit
- hallikvirksomhet (“pimping”)
Related terms edit
- halunk (“rascal, scoundrel”)
References edit
“hallik” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“hallik” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Swedish hallick, from Czech holomek, ultimately from holý (“naked”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
hallik m (definite singular halliken, indefinite plural hallikar, definite plural hallikane)
- a pimp, someone who solicits prostitution
Derived terms edit
- hallikverksemd (“pimping”)
Related terms edit
- halunk (“rascal, scoundrel”)
References edit
“hallik” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.