érik
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Base form: érik, from ér (“to reach”) + -ik[1]
Verb edit
érik
- (intransitive) to ripen, mature, become ripe
Usage notes edit
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
- This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.
Conjugation edit
conjugation of érik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | érek | érsz | érik | érünk | értek | érnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | értem | értél | érett | értünk | értetek | értek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. érni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | érék | érél | ére | érénk | érétek | érének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. érik vala, érett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | érendek | érendesz | érend | érendünk | érendetek | érendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | érnék | érnél | érne | érnénk | érnétek | érnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. érett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | érjek | érj or érjél |
érjen | érjünk | érjetek | érjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. érett légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | érni | érnem | érned | érnie | érnünk | érnetek | érniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| érés | érő | érett | ― | érve (érvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of érik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | érhetek | érhetsz | érhet | érhetünk | érhettek | érhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | érhettem | érhettél | érhetett | érhettünk | érhettetek | érhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | érheték | érhetél | érhete | érheténk | érhetétek | érhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. érhet vala, érhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | érhetendek or érandhatok |
érhetendesz or érandhatsz |
érhetend or érandhat |
érhetendünk or érandhatunk |
érhetendetek or érandhattok |
érhetendenek or érandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | érhetnék | érhetnél | érhetne | érhetnénk | érhetnétek | érhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. érhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | érhessek | érhess or érhessél |
érhessen | érhessünk | érhessetek | érhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. érhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (érhetni) | (érhetnem) | (érhetned) | (érhetnie) | (érhetnünk) | (érhetnetek) | (érhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (érhetve / érhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms edit
(With verbal prefixes):
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
érik
- third-person plural indicative present definite of ér
- Mindig felháborodik, amikor hazugságon érik. ― He is always outraged when he is caught telling a lie. (literally, “…when they catch him…”)
Usage notes edit
This form normally occurs when a verbal prefix is separated from the verb:
- érik (…) el, el … érik ― elérik ― elér
- érik (…) fel, fel … érik ― felérik ― felér
- érik (…) meg, meg … érik ― megérik ― megér
- érik (…) utol, utol … érik ― utolérik ― utolér
- and some more, see its derivatives with verbal prefixes.
References edit
- ^ érik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- érik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- érik in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)