rukwa

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

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Verb

-rukwa (infinitive kurukwa)

1. Passive form of -ruka

Conjugation

Conjugation of -rukwa
Positive present -narukwa Subjunctive -rukwe Negative -rukwi Imperative singular rukwa
Infinitives
Positive kurukwa Negative kutorukwa
Imperatives
Singular rukwa Plural rukweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hurukwa Positive past positive subject concord + -lirukwa Negative past negative subject concord + -kurukwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narukwa) Singular Plural 1st person ninarukwa/narukwa tunarukwa 2nd person unarukwa mnarukwa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarukwa wanarukwa other classes positive subject concord + -narukwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -rukwi) Singular Plural 1st person sirukwi haturukwi 2nd person hurukwi hamrukwi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) harukwi hawarukwi other classes negative subject concord + -rukwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarukwa Negative future negative subject concord + -tarukwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rukwe) Singular Plural 1st person nirukwe turukwe 2nd person urukwe mrukwe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) arukwe warukwe other classes positive subject concord + -rukwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirukwe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerukwa Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerukwa Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirukwa Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirukwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arukwa) Singular Plural 1st person narukwa twarukwa 2nd person warukwa mwarukwa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) arukwa warukwa m-mi(III/IV) warukwa yarukwa ji-ma(V/VI) larukwa yarukwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) charukwa vyarukwa n(IX/X) yarukwa zarukwa u(XI) warukwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwarukwa pa(XVI) parukwa mu(XVIII) mwarukwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -merukwa "Already" positive subject concord + -mesharukwa "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarukwa "If/When" positive subject concord + -kirukwa "If not" positive subject concord + -siporukwa Consecutive karukwa / positive subject concord + -karukwa Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karukwe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nirukwa -turukwa 2nd person -kurukwa -warukwa/-kurukweni/-warukweni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrukwa -warukwa m-mi(III/IV) -urukwa -irukwa ji-ma(V/VI) -lirukwa -yarukwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirukwa -virukwa n(IX/X) -irukwa -zirukwa u(XI) -urukwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kurukwa pa(XVI) -parukwa mu(XVIII) -murukwa Reflexive -jirukwa
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rukwa- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -rukwaye -rukwao m-mi(III/IV) -rukwao -rukwayo ji-ma(V/VI) -rukwalo -rukwayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -rukwacho -rukwavyo n(IX/X) -rukwayo -rukwazo u(XI) -rukwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -rukwako pa(XVI) -rukwapo mu(XVIII) -rukwamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rukwa) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yerukwa -orukwa m-mi(III/IV) -orukwa -yorukwa ji-ma(V/VI) -lorukwa -yorukwa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorukwa -vyorukwa n(IX/X) -yorukwa -zorukwa u(XI) -orukwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -korukwa pa(XVI) -porukwa mu(XVIII) -morukwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Other formations: -rukwa na akili (“to lose one's mind”)