tu-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "tu"
Kamba edit
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
tu-
- we (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
Lushootseed edit
Alternative forms edit
Prefix edit
tu-
- inflectional prefix applied to any lexical category functioning as predicate or complement to indicate past tense
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Prefix edit
tu-
- Alternative form of to- (“towards”)
Etymology 2 edit
Prefix edit
tu-
- Alternative form of to- (“apart”)
Swahili edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
tu-
See also edit
Swahili personal pronouns (m-wa class(I/II))
Number | Person | Independent | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | na | ndi- | si- | |||||
Singular | First | mimi | ni- | si- | -ni- | nami, na mimi | ndimi, ndiye | simi, siye | -angu |
Second | wewe | u- | hu- | -ku- | nawe, na wewe | ndiwe, ndiye | siwe, siye | -ako | |
Third | yeye | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | naye, na yeye | ndiye | siye | -ake | |
Plural | First | sisi | tu- | hatu- | -tu- | nasi, na sisi | ndisi, ndio | sio | -etu |
Second | ninyi | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -wa- | nanyi, na ninyi | ndinyi, ndio | sinyi, sio | -enu | |
Third | wao | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | nao | ndio | sio | -ao | |
Reflexive | — | — | -ji- | — | — | ||||
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-.
Prefix edit
tu-
- verb-initial form of -tu- (“us, 1st person plural object concord”)
Tooro edit
Alternative forms edit
- (before vowels) tw-
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-.
Prefix edit
tu-
- we; 1st person plural subject concord
- positive imperative form of -tu- (“us; 1st person plural object concord”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-.
Prefix edit
tu-
- class 13 pronominal concord
- they; class 13 subject concord
- positive imperative form of -tu- (“them; class 13 object concord”)
See also edit
Tooro personal pronouns
References edit
Uneapa edit
Etymology edit
From earlier *natu- via truncation, from Proto-Oceanic *natu, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *natu.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tu-
Further reading edit
- Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365
Ye'kwana edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
tu-
- Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel u.
Inflection edit
Ye'kwana personal markers
pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |