shinda

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

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Verb

-shinda (infinitive kushinda)

1. to win
2. to conquer, to overpower

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shinda
Positive present -nashinda Subjunctive -shinde Negative -shindi Imperative singular shinda
Infinitives
Positive kushinda Negative kutoshinda
Imperatives
Singular shinda Plural shindeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushinda Positive past positive subject concord + -lishinda Negative past negative subject concord + -kushinda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashinda) Singular Plural 1st person ninashinda/nashinda tunashinda 2nd person unashinda mnashinda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashinda wanashinda other classes positive subject concord + -nashinda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shindi) Singular Plural 1st person sishindi hatushindi 2nd person hushindi hamshindi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashindi hawashindi other classes negative subject concord + -shindi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashinda Negative future negative subject concord + -tashinda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shinde) Singular Plural 1st person nishinde tushinde 2nd person ushinde mshinde 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashinde washinde other classes positive subject concord + -shinde
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishinde Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshinda Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshinda Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishinda Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishinda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashinda) Singular Plural 1st person nashinda twashinda 2nd person washinda mwashinda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashinda washinda m-mi(III/IV) washinda yashinda ji-ma(V/VI) lashinda yashinda ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashinda vyashinda n(IX/X) yashinda zashinda u(XI) washinda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashinda pa(XVI) pashinda mu(XVIII) mwashinda
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshinda "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashinda "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashinda "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishinda "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhinda Consecutive kashinda / positive subject concord + -kashinda Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashinde
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishinda -tushinda 2nd person -kushinda -washinda/-kushindeni/-washindeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshinda -washinda m-mi(III/IV) -ushinda -ishinda ji-ma(V/VI) -lishinda -yashinda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishinda -vishinda n(IX/X) -ishinda -zishinda u(XI) -ushinda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushinda pa(XVI) -pashinda mu(XVIII) -mushinda Reflexive -jishinda
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shinda- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shindaye -shindao m-mi(III/IV) -shindao -shindayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shindalo -shindayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shindacho -shindavyo n(IX/X) -shindayo -shindazo u(XI) -shindao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shindako pa(XVI) -shindapo mu(XVIII) -shindamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shinda) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshinda -oshinda m-mi(III/IV) -oshinda -yoshinda ji-ma(V/VI) -loshinda -yoshinda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshinda -vyoshinda n(IX/X) -yoshinda -zoshinda u(XI) -oshinda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshinda pa(XVI) -poshinda mu(XVIII) -moshinda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -shindia
  • Causative: -shindisha
  • Passive: -shindwa (“to lose, be beaten”)
  • Reciprocal: -shindana (“to compete, contend”)
  • Stative: -shindika (“to be winnable”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • mshindi (“winner”)
  • mshindwa (“loser”)
  • ushinde (“defeat; failure”)
  • ushindi (“victory”)