Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

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Verb edit

-tupwa (infinitive kutupwa)

  1. Passive form of -tupa: to be thrown, to be abandoned

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -tupwa
Positive present -natupwa
Subjunctive -tupwe
Negative -tupwi
Imperative singular tupwa
Infinitives
Positive kutupwa
Negative kutotupwa
Imperatives
Singular tupwa
Plural tupweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutupwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -litupwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kutupwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natupwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninatupwa/natupwa tunatupwa
2nd person unatupwa mnatupwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatupwa wanatupwa
other classes positive subject concord + -natupwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tupwi)
Singular Plural
1st person situpwi hatutupwi
2nd person hutupwi hamtupwi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatupwi hawatupwi
other classes negative subject concord + -tupwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatupwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -tatupwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tupwe)
Singular Plural
1st person nitupwe tutupwe
2nd person utupwe mtupwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atupwe watupwe
other classes positive subject concord + -tupwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situpwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetupwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetupwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitupwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitupwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atupwa)
Singular Plural
1st person natupwa twatupwa
2nd person watupwa mwatupwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atupwa watupwa
m-mi(III/IV) watupwa yatupwa
ji-ma(V/VI) latupwa yatupwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatupwa vyatupwa
n(IX/X) yatupwa zatupwa
u(XI) watupwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwatupwa
pa(XVI) patupwa
mu(XVIII) mwatupwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -metupwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshatupwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatupwa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kitupwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipotupwa
Consecutive katupwa / positive subject concord + -katupwa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katupwe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nitupwa -tutupwa
2nd person -kutupwa -watupwa/-kutupweni/-watupweni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtupwa -watupwa
m-mi(III/IV) -utupwa -itupwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -litupwa -yatupwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitupwa -vitupwa
n(IX/X) -itupwa -zitupwa
u(XI) -utupwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kutupwa
pa(XVI) -patupwa
mu(XVIII) -mutupwa
Reflexive -jitupwa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tupwa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -tupwaye -tupwao
m-mi(III/IV) -tupwao -tupwayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -tupwalo -tupwayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tupwacho -tupwavyo
n(IX/X) -tupwayo -tupwazo
u(XI) -tupwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -tupwako
pa(XVI) -tupwapo
mu(XVIII) -tupwamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tupwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yetupwa -otupwa
m-mi(III/IV) -otupwa -yotupwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lotupwa -yotupwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotupwa -vyotupwa
n(IX/X) -yotupwa -zotupwa
u(XI) -otupwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kotupwa
pa(XVI) -potupwa
mu(XVIII) -motupwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.