Egyptian
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Pronunciation
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3-lit. or 4ae inf.
- (transitive) to follow
- Reign of Senusret III, c. 1878–1839 BCE, Stela of Ikhernofret (Berlin ÄM 1204), lines 18–19:
- jw jr.n.j prt-ꜥꜣt šms.j nṯr r nmtt.f dj.n.j sqd dpt-nṯr ḏḥwtj ḥr mꜣꜥ [sqd]wt
- I undertook the Great Procession, following the god at his travels; I made the god’s boat sail, with Thoth directing the sailing.
Inflection
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Conjugation of šms (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šms, geminated stem: šmss
infinitival forms
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imperative
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infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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šms
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šmsw, šms
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šmst
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šms
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šms
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‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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šms
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ḥr šms
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m šms
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r šms
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suffix conjugation
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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perfect
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šms.n
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šmsw, šms
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consecutive
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šms.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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terminative
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šmst
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perfective3
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šms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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šms.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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imperfective
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šms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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prospective3
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šms
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šmss
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potentialis1
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šms.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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subjunctive
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šms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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verbal adjectives
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aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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active
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passive
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active
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passive
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perfect
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šms.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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perfective
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šms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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šms
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šms, šmsw5, šmsy5
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imperfective
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šms, šmsy, šmsw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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šms, šmsj6, šmsy6
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šms, šmsw5
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prospective
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šms, šmstj7
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—
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šmstj4, šmst4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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Allen and Loprieno instead consider this a fourth weak verb:
Conjugation of šmsj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: šms, geminated stem: šmss
infinitival forms
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imperative
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infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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šms
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šmsw, šmsyw, šms
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šmst, šmswt, šmsyt
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šms
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šms, šmsy
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‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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šms8
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ḥr šms
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m šms
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r šms
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suffix conjugation
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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perfect
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šms.n
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šmsw, šms, šmsy
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consecutive
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šms.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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terminative
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šmst
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perfective3
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šms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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šms.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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imperfective
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šms, šmsy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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prospective3
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šmsw, šms, šmsy
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šmss
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potentialis1
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šms.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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subjunctive
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šms, šmsy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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verbal adjectives
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aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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active
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passive
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active
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passive
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perfect
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šms.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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perfective
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šmsw1, šmsy, šms
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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šms
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šmsy, šms
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imperfective
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šmss, šmssy, šmssw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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šmss, šmssj6, šmssy6
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šmss, šmssw5
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prospective
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šmsw1, šmsy, šms, šmstj7
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—
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šmswtj1 4, šmstj4, šmst4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
- Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
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Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šms
Derived terms
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References
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- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 47