κακοήθης

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From κακός (kakós, “bad”) +‎ ἦθος (êthos, “character”) +‎ -ης (-ēs, adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ka.ko.ɛ̌ː.tʰɛːs/ → /ka.koˈi.θis/ → /ka.koˈi.θis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ka.ko.ɛ̌ː.tʰɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ka.koˈe̝.tʰe̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ka.koˈi.θis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ka.koˈi.θis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ka.koˈi.θis/

Adjective

κᾰκοήθης • (kakoḗthēs) m or f (neuter κακόηθες); third declension

1. (of humans and animals) ill-disposed, malicious
2. (of humans) thinking evil; given to the worst disposition for a situation
3. (of things) infamous, abominable
4. (medicine, of sores, fevers, diseases) malignant
5. (neuter, substantive, κᾰκόηθες) a bad habit

Declension

Third declension of κᾰκοήθης; κᾰκόηθες (contracted, Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κᾰκοήθης kakoḗthēs	κᾰκόηθες kakóēthes		κᾰκοήθει kakoḗthei	κᾰκοήθει kakoḗthei		κᾰκοήθεις kakoḗtheis	κᾰκοήθη kakoḗthē
Genitive		κᾰκοήθους kakoḗthous	κᾰκοήθους kakoḗthous		κᾰκοήθοιν kakoḗthoin	κᾰκοήθοιν kakoḗthoin		κᾰκοήθων kakoḗthōn	κᾰκοήθων kakoḗthōn
Dative		κᾰκοήθει kakoḗthei	κᾰκοήθει kakoḗthei		κᾰκοήθοιν kakoḗthoin	κᾰκοήθοιν kakoḗthoin		κᾰκοήθεσῐ / κᾰκοήθεσῐν kakoḗthesi(n)	κᾰκοήθεσῐ / κᾰκοήθεσῐν kakoḗthesi(n)
Accusative		κᾰκοήθη kakoḗthē	κᾰκόηθες kakóēthes		κᾰκοήθει kakoḗthei	κᾰκοήθει kakoḗthei		κᾰκοήθεις kakoḗtheis	κᾰκοήθη kakoḗthē
Vocative		κᾰκόηθες kakóēthes	κᾰκόηθες kakóēthes		κᾰκοήθει kakoḗthei	κᾰκοήθει kakoḗthei		κᾰκοήθεις kakoḗtheis	κᾰκοήθη kakoḗthē
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		κᾰκοήθως kakoḗthōs			κᾰκοηθέστερος kakoēthésteros			κᾰκοηθέστᾰτος kakoēthéstatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of κᾰκοήθης; κᾰκόηθες (uncontracted, Ionic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		κᾰκοήθης kakoḗthēs	κᾰκόηθες kakóēthes		κᾰκοήθει / κᾰκοήθεε kakoḗthei / kakoḗthee	κᾰκοήθει / κᾰκοήθεε kakoḗthei / kakoḗthee		κᾰκοήθεις / κᾰκοήθεες kakoḗtheis / kakoḗthees	κᾰκοήθεᾰ kakoḗthea
Genitive		κᾰκοήθεος / κᾰκοήθευς kakoḗtheos / kakoḗtheus	κᾰκοήθεος / κᾰκοήθευς kakoḗtheos / kakoḗtheus		κᾰκοηθέοιν kakoēthéoin	κᾰκοηθέοιν kakoēthéoin		κᾰκοηθέων kakoēthéōn	κᾰκοηθέων kakoēthéōn
Dative		κᾰκοήθει / κᾰκοήθεῐ̈ kakoḗthei / kakoḗtheï	κᾰκοήθει / κᾰκοήθεῐ̈ kakoḗthei / kakoḗtheï		κᾰκοηθέοιν kakoēthéoin	κᾰκοηθέοιν kakoēthéoin		κᾰκοήθεσῐ / κᾰκοήθεσῐν kakoḗthesi(n)	κᾰκοήθεσῐ / κᾰκοήθεσῐν kakoḗthesi(n)
Accusative		κᾰκοήθεᾰ kakoḗthea	κᾰκόηθες kakóēthes		κᾰκοήθει / κᾰκοήθεε kakoḗthei / kakoḗthee	κᾰκοήθει / κᾰκοήθεε kakoḗthei / kakoḗthee		κᾰκοήθεᾰς kakoḗtheas	κᾰκοήθεᾰ kakoḗthea
Vocative		κᾰκόηθες kakóēthes	κᾰκόηθες kakóēthes		κᾰκοήθει / κᾰκοήθεε kakoḗthei / kakoḗthee	κᾰκοήθει / κᾰκοήθεε kakoḗthei / kakoḗthee		κᾰκοήθεις / κᾰκοήθεες kakoḗtheis / kakoḗthees	κᾰκοήθεᾰ kakoḗthea
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		κᾰκοηθέως kakoēthéōs			κᾰκοηθέστερος kakoēthésteros			κᾰκοηθέστᾰτος kakoēthéstatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Antonyms

• εὐήθης (euḗthēs)

Derived terms

• κακοηθιστέον (kakoēthistéon)
• κᾰκοήθεια (kakoḗtheia)
• κᾰκοήθευμα (kakoḗtheuma)
• κᾰκοηθεύομαι (kakoētheúomai)
• κᾰκοηθίζομαι (kakoēthízomai)
• κᾰκοηθίη (kakoēthíē)
• κᾰκοηθιστέον (kakoēthistéon)

 

References

• “κακοήθης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κακοήθης”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κακοήθης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • ill-natured idem, page 416.
  • ill-tempered idem, page 416.
  • malevolent idem, page 510.
  • malicious idem, page 510.
  • mischievous idem, page 533.
  • spiteful idem, page 802.