κότος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *kh₃-to-s, from root *keh₃-. Probably related to Proto-Celtic *katus (“battle”) and Proto-Germanic *haþuz (“battle, fight”) from *kéh₃-tus. Perhaps also to Old Church Slavonic котора (kotora, “quarrel”), Czech katiti se (“to be annoyed”) and Sanskrit शत्रु (śatru, “enemy”), problematic because ś can only come from *ḱ.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kó.tos/ → /ˈko.tos/ → /ˈko.tos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kó.tos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈko.tos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈko.tos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈko.tos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈko.tos/

Noun

κότος • (kótos) m (genitive κότου); second declension

1. grudge, rancour, animosity, ill will

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ κότος; τοῦ κότου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κότος ho kótos	τὼ κότω tṑ kótō	οἱ κότοι hoi kótoi
Genitive	τοῦ κότου toû kótou	τοῖν κότοιν toîn kótoin	τῶν κότων tôn kótōn
Dative	τῷ κότῳ tôi kótōi	τοῖν κότοιν toîn kótoin	τοῖς κότοις toîs kótois
Accusative	τὸν κότον tòn kóton	τὼ κότω tṑ kótō	τοὺς κότους toùs kótous
Vocative	κότε kóte	κότω kótō	κότοι kótoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἄκοτος (ákotos)
• ἔγκοτος (énkotos)
• ἐπίκοτος (epíkotos)
• ζᾰ́κοτος (zákotos)
• κοταίνω (kotaínō)
• κοτεινός (koteinós)
• κοτέω (kotéō)
• κοτήεις (kotḗeis)
• νεόκοτος (neókotos)
• ὑπέρκοτος (hupérkotos)

 

Further reading

• “κότος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κότος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κότος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κότος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• κότος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963