शत्रु
See also: शत्रू
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शत्रु (śatru).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
शत्रु • (śatru) m (Urdu spelling شترو)
Declension edit
Declension of शत्रु (masc u-stem)
Further reading edit
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शत्रु”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शत्रु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- শত্ৰু (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬢ᭄ᬭᬸ (Balinese script)
- শত্রু (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰝𑰿𑰨𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- ၐတြု (Burmese script)
- શત્રુ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਤੑਰੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌤𑍍𑌰𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦠꦿꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂞𑂹𑂩𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ಶತ್ರು (Kannada script)
- ឝត្រុ (Khmer script)
- ຨຕ຺ຣຸ (Lao script)
- ശത്രു (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᢠᡵᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘝𑘿𑘨𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᢐᠷᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑦽𑧠𑧈𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐟𑑂𑐬𑐸 (Newa script)
- ଶତ୍ରୁ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢡ꣄ꢬꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆠𑇀𑆫𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖝𑖿𑖨𑗜 (Siddham script)
- ශත්රු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩫 𑪙𑩼𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚙𑚶𑚤𑚰 (Takri script)
- ஶத்ரு (Tamil script)
- శత్రు (Telugu script)
- ศตฺรุ (Thai script)
- ཤ་ཏྲུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒞𑓂𑒩𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨙𑩇𑨫𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
Uncertain. Perhaps from a root *ḱet- (“to be angry”) and cognate with Ancient Greek κότος (kótos, “anger”), German Hader (“strife”), Irish cath (“battle”) (with unexpected a), Old Church Slavonic котора (kotora, “quarrel”) (with *ḱ > *k?).[1][2]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
शत्रु • (śátru) stem, m
- literally probably "overthrower"; enemy, foe
- rival
- a hostile king (especially a neighbouring king as a natural enemy)
- the 6th astrological mansion, Var Yogay
- Asparagus racemosus
- name of an Asura
Declension edit
| Masculine u-stem declension of शत्रु (śátru) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | शत्रुः śátruḥ |
शत्रू śátrū |
शत्रवः śátravaḥ |
| Vocative | शत्रो śátro |
शत्रू śátrū |
शत्रवः śátravaḥ |
| Accusative | शत्रुम् śátrum |
शत्रू śátrū |
शत्रून् śátrūn |
| Instrumental | शत्रुणा / शत्र्वा¹ śátruṇā / śátrvā¹ |
शत्रुभ्याम् śátrubhyām |
शत्रुभिः śátrubhiḥ |
| Dative | शत्रवे śátrave |
शत्रुभ्याम् śátrubhyām |
शत्रुभ्यः śátrubhyaḥ |
| Ablative | शत्रोः śátroḥ |
शत्रुभ्याम् śátrubhyām |
शत्रुभ्यः śátrubhyaḥ |
| Genitive | शत्रोः śátroḥ |
शत्र्वोः śátrvoḥ |
शत्रूणाम् śátrūṇām |
| Locative | शत्रौ śátrau |
शत्र्वोः śátrvoḥ |
शत्रुषु śátruṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Helu Prakrit:
- → Old Javanese: [script needed] (śatru)
- → Old Khmer: [script needed] (śatru)
- → Old Malay: [script needed] (śatru)
- → Old Tamil:
- Tamil: சத்துரு (catturu)
- Pali: sattu
- → Lao: ສັດຕູ (sat tū)
- → Bengali: শত্রু (śotru)
- → Gujarati: શત્રુ (śatru)
- → Hindi: शत्रु (śatru)
- → Kannada: ಶತ್ರು (śatru)
- → Malayalam: ശത്രു (śatru)
- → Marathi: शत्रू (śatrū)
- → Punjabi: ਸ਼ੱਤਰੂ (śattarū) / شترو (śtro)
- → Telugu: శత్రువు (śatruvu), శత్రుడు (śatruḍu)
References edit
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 607
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 294
Further reading edit
- “श॑त्रु” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 536, column 2.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “शत्रु”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 307
- Monier Williams (1899) “शत्रु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1051, column 1.
- Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 828
