πτύω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *(ts)ptyew- (“to spit, vomit”). Akin to Latin spuō, Albanian pështyj, Old English spīwan (English spew), Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ), Old Church Slavonic пльвати (plĭvati), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pty̌ː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpty.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpty.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpty.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpti.o/
Verb
editπτῡ́ω • (ptū́ō)
Inflection
edit Present: πτῡ́ω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πτῡ́ω | πτῡ́εις | πτῡ́ει | πτῡ́ετον | πτῡ́ετον | πτῡ́ομεν | πτῡ́ετε | πτῡ́ουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | πτῡ́ω | πτῡ́ῃς | πτῡ́ῃ | πτῡ́ητον | πτῡ́ητον | πτῡ́ωμεν | πτῡ́ητε | πτῡ́ωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πτῡ́οιμῐ | πτῡ́οις | πτῡ́οι | πτῡ́οιτον | πτῡοίτην | πτῡ́οιμεν | πτῡ́οιτε | πτῡ́οιεν | |||||
imperative | πτῦε | πτῡέτω | πτῡ́ετον | πτῡέτων | πτῡ́ετε | πτῡόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πτῡ́ειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πτῡ́ων | |||||||||||
f | πτῡ́ουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | πτῦον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπτυον | ἔπτυες | ἔπτυε(ν) | ἐπτύετον | ἐπτυέτην | ἐπτύομεν | ἐπτύετε | ἔπτυον | ||||
subjunctive | πτύω | πτύῃς | πτύῃ | πτύητον | πτύητον | πτύωμεν | πτύητε | πτύωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πτύοιμῐ | πτύοις | πτύοι | πτύοιτον | πτυοίτην | πτύοιμεν | πτύοιτε | πτύοιεν | |||||
imperative | πτῦε | πτυέτω | πτύετον | πτυέτων | πτύετε | πτυόντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐπτυόμην | ἐπτύου | ἐπτύετο | ἐπτύεσθον | ἐπτυέσθην | ἐπτυόμεθᾰ | ἐπτύεσθε | ἐπτύοντο | ||||
subjunctive | πτύωμαι | πτύῃ | πτύηται | πτύησθον | πτύησθον | πτυώμεθᾰ | πτύησθε | πτύωνται | |||||
optative | πτυοίμην | πτύοιο | πτύοιτο | πτύοισθον | πτυοίσθην | πτυοίμεθᾰ | πτύοισθε | πτύοιντο | |||||
imperative | πτυοῦ | πτυέσθω | πτύεσθον | πτυέσθων | πτύεσθε | πτυέσθων | |||||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πτυεῖν | πτυέσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πτυών | πτυόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πτυοῦσᾰ | πτυομένη | |||||||||||
n | πτυόν | πτυόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ἔπτῠκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπτῠκᾰ | ἔπτῠκᾰς | ἔπτῠκε(ν) | ἐπτῠ́κᾰτον | ἐπτῠ́κᾰτον | ἐπτῠ́κᾰμεν | ἐπτῠ́κᾰτε | ἐπτῠ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐπτῠ́κω | ἐπτῠ́κῃς | ἐπτῠ́κῃ | ἐπτῠ́κητον | ἐπτῠ́κητον | ἐπτῠ́κωμεν | ἐπτῠ́κητε | ἐπτῠ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐπτῠ́κοιμῐ, ἐπτῠκοίην |
ἐπτῠ́κοις, ἐπτῠκοίης |
ἐπτῠ́κοι, ἐπτῠκοίη |
ἐπτῠ́κοιτον | ἐπτῠκοίτην | ἐπτῠ́κοιμεν | ἐπτῠ́κοιτε | ἐπτῠ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἔπτῠκε | ἐπτῠκέτω | ἐπτῠ́κετον | ἐπτῠκέτων | ἐπτῠ́κετε | ἐπτῠκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐπτῠκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐπτῠκώς | |||||||||||
f | ἐπτῠκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἐπτῠκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- πτύσμα (ptúsma)
Descendants
edit- Greek: φτύνω (ftýno)
References
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πτῡ́ω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1252
Further reading
edit- “πτύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πτύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πτύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πτύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πτύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4429 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible