πυθμήν

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *putʰmḗn, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn.

Cognate with πύνδαξ (púndax), Sanskrit बुध्न (budhná), Latin fundus, Old Armenian անդունդ (andund), Old English botm (English bottom).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pytʰ.mɛ̌ːn/ → /pyθˈmin/ → /piθˈmin/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pytʰ.mɛ̌ːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pytʰˈme̝n/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pyθˈmin/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pyθˈmin/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piθˈmin/

By position:

 

• IPA^(key): /pyːtʰ.mɛ̌ːn/ → /pyθˈmin/ → /piθˈmin/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pyːtʰ.mɛ̌ːn/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pytʰˈme̝n/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pyθˈmin/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pyθˈmin/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piθˈmin/

Noun

πῠθμήν or πῡθμήν • (puthmḗn or pūthmḗn) m (genitive πῠθμένος); third declension

1. bottom of a cup or jar
2. the bottom of the sea
3. trunk, butt of a tree

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ πῠθμήν; τοῦ πῠθμένος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πῠθμήν ho puthmḗn	τὼ πῠθμένε tṑ puthméne	οἱ πῠθμένες hoi puthménes
Genitive	τοῦ πῠθμένος toû puthménos	τοῖν πῠθμένοιν toîn puthménoin	τῶν πῠθμένων tôn puthménōn
Dative	τῷ πῠθμένῐ tôi puthméni	τοῖν πῠθμένοιν toîn puthménoin	τοῖς πῠθμέσῐ / πῠθμέσῐν toîs puthmési(n)
Accusative	τὸν πῠθμένᾰ tòn puthména	τὼ πῠθμένε tṑ puthméne	τοὺς πῠθμένᾰς toùs puthménas
Vocative	πῠθμήν puthmḗn	πῠθμένε puthméne	πῠθμένες puthménes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: πυθμένας (pythménas)

References

• “πυθμήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πυθμήν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πυθμήν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πυθμήν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πυθμήν in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “πυθμήν”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • base idem, page 64.
  • basis idem, page 64.
  • bottom idem, page 90.
  • foot idem, page 333.
  • foundation idem, page 341.
  • root idem, page 721.
  • stock idem, page 818.