τραυλός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The suffix -λος is also found in other expressions for physical and psychical defects, such as τυφλός (tuphlós, “blind”), σιφλός (siphlós, “maimed”) and χωλός (khōlós, “lame”). Wackernagel connects the word to Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃 (þaursus, “dry, lacking water”), to which ἀτειρής (ateirḗs, “indestructible”) could belong as well. Yet the loss of -σ- in these words is improbable beside τρασιά (trasiá) and τέρσομαι (térsomai). Alternatively, the adjective could belong to τραῦμα (traûma, “injury”). The word might also be Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /trau̯.lós/ → /traˈβlos/ → /traˈvlos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /trau̯.lós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /trawˈlos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /traˈβlos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /traˈvlos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /traˈvlos/

Adjective

τραυλός • (traulós) m (feminine τραυλή, neuter τραυλόν); first/second declension

1. (of children) mispronouncing letters, stammering, lisping
2. (of swallows) twittering

Inflection

First and second declension of τραυλός; τραυλή; τραυλόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		τραυλός traulós	τραυλή traulḗ	τραυλόν traulón		τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλᾱ́ traulā́	τραυλώ traulṓ		τραυλοί trauloí	τραυλαί traulaí	τραυλᾰ́ traulá
Genitive		τραυλοῦ trauloû	τραυλῆς traulês	τραυλοῦ trauloû		τραυλοῖν trauloîn	τραυλαῖν traulaîn	τραυλοῖν trauloîn		τραυλῶν traulôn	τραυλῶν traulôn	τραυλῶν traulôn
Dative		τραυλῷ traulôi	τραυλῇ traulêi	τραυλῷ traulôi		τραυλοῖν trauloîn	τραυλαῖν traulaîn	τραυλοῖν trauloîn		τραυλοῖς trauloîs	τραυλαῖς traulaîs	τραυλοῖς trauloîs
Accusative		τραυλόν traulón	τραυλήν traulḗn	τραυλόν traulón		τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλᾱ́ traulā́	τραυλώ traulṓ		τραυλούς trauloús	τραυλᾱ́ς traulā́s	τραυλᾰ́ traulá
Vocative		τραυλέ traulé	τραυλή traulḗ	τραυλόν traulón		τραυλώ traulṓ	τραυλᾱ́ traulā́	τραυλώ traulṓ		τραυλοί trauloí	τραυλαί traulaí	τραυλᾰ́ traulá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		τραυλῶς traulôs				τραυλότερος traulóteros				τραυλότᾰτος traulótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ποικιλότραυλος (poikilótraulos)
• τραυλίζω (traulízō)
• τραυλισμός (traulismós)
• τραυλοηχέω (trauloēkhéō)
• τραυλότης (traulótēs)
• τραυλόφωνος (traulóphōnos)
• τραύλωσις (traúlōsis)
• ὑπότραυλος (hupótraulos)

 

Descendants

• → English: traulism

References

• “τραυλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τραυλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• τραυλός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN