φάραγξ
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editAccording to Beekes, from Pre-Greek, like σῆραγξ (sêranx) and φάλαγξ (phálanx). Furnée compares also μάραγοι (máragoi, “overhanging places”) and Spanish barranca (“ravine”). Mark the similar ending in the reconstructed root word for English avalanche, *labanka.
But compare the family of Latin forō, feriō and Armenian բերան (beran, “mouth, opening”), all from *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”). Compare also Ancient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx) and Latin frūmen, both possibly from *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰá.raŋks/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰa.raŋks/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸa.raŋks/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfa.raŋks/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfa.raŋks/
Noun
editφᾰ́ρᾰγξ • (pháranx) f (genitive φᾰ́ρᾰγγος); third declension
Declension
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ φᾰ́ρᾰγξ hē pháranx |
τὼ φᾰ́ρᾰγγε tṑ phárange |
αἱ φᾰ́ρᾰγγες hai pháranges | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς φᾰ́ρᾰγγος tês phárangos |
τοῖν φᾰρᾰ́γγοιν toîn pharángoin |
τῶν φᾰρᾰ́γγων tôn pharángōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ φᾰ́ρᾰγγῐ têi phárangi |
τοῖν φᾰρᾰ́γγοιν toîn pharángoin |
ταῖς φᾰ́ρᾰγξῐ / φᾰ́ρᾰγξῐν taîs pháranxi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν φᾰ́ρᾰγγᾰ tḕn pháranga |
τὼ φᾰ́ρᾰγγε tṑ phárange |
τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρᾰγγᾰς tā̀s phárangas | ||||||||||
Vocative | φᾰ́ρᾰγξ pháranx |
φᾰ́ρᾰγγε phárange |
φᾰ́ρᾰγγες pháranges | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
edit- φᾰρᾰγγαῖον (pharangaîon)
- φᾰρᾰ́γγῐον (pharángion)
- φᾰρᾰγγῑ́της (pharangī́tēs)
- φᾰρᾰγγόω (pharangóō)
- φᾰρᾰγγώδης (pharangṓdēs)
Descendants
edit- Greek: φαράγγι (farángi)
Further reading
edit- “φάραγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- φάραγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension
- grc:Landforms