φρουρά

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• φρουρή (phrourḗ) — Ionic

Etymology

From προ- (pro-, “forwards”) +‎ ὁράω (horáō, “to see”) +‎ -ᾱ (-ā, action noun suffix); compare φρουρός (phrourós).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰruː.rǎː/ → /ɸruˈra/ → /fruˈra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰruː.rǎː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pʰruˈra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɸruˈra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /fruˈra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /fruˈra/

Noun

φρουρᾱ́ • (phrourā́) f (genitive φρουρᾶς); first declension (Attic)

1. (uncountable) the duty of watching, guarding; lookout
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 2:

     Θεοὺς μὲν αἰτῶ τῶνδ’ ἀπαλλαγὴν πόνων,
     φρουρᾶς ἐτείας μῆκος

     Theoùs mèn aitô tônd’ apallagḕn pónōn,
     phrourâs eteías mêkos

     I ask the gods for deliverance from these toils,
     the length of year-long watching

2. (countable) a body of persons whose duty is to guard: garrison, outpost
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.26:

     Χίων φρουρῇ οὐ προσιεμένῃ μιν συνέβαλε […]

     Khíōn phrourêi ou prosieménēi min sunébale […]

     he attacked a garrison of the Chians that did not accept him […]

3. (countable) an instance of being stationed at an outpost
   • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, For Mantitheus 18:

     Τῶν τοίνυν ἄλλων στρατειῶν καὶ φρουρῶν οὐδεμιᾶς ἀπελείφθην πώποτε

     Tôn toínun állōn strateiôn kaì phrourôn oudemiâs apeleíphthēn pṓpote

     I have never left any of the other military appointments or garrisons

Declension

First declension of ἡ φρουρᾱ́; τῆς φρουρᾶς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ φρουρᾱ́ hē phrourā́	τὼ φρουρᾱ́ tṑ phrourā́	αἱ φρουραί hai phrouraí
Genitive	τῆς φρουρᾶς tês phrourâs	τοῖν φρουραῖν toîn phrouraîn	τῶν φρουρῶν tôn phrourôn
Dative	τῇ φρουρᾷ têi phrourâi	τοῖν φρουραῖν toîn phrouraîn	ταῖς φρουραῖς taîs phrouraîs
Accusative	τὴν φρουρᾱ́ν tḕn phrourā́n	τὼ φρουρᾱ́ tṑ phrourā́	τᾱ̀ς φρουρᾱ́ς tā̀s phrourā́s
Vocative	φρουρᾱ́ phrourā́	φρουρᾱ́ phrourā́	φρουραί phrouraí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: φρουρά (frourá)

References

• “φρουρά”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek φρουρᾱ (phrourā).

Noun

φρουρά • (frourá) f (plural φρουρές)

1. guard
2. guarding, guard duty
3. garrison

Declension

declension of φρουρά

case     \     number	singular	plural
nominative	φρουρά •	φρουρές •
genitive	φρουράς •	φρουρών •
accusative	φρουρά •	φρουρές •
vocative	φρουρά •	φρουρές •

Related terms

• φρούραρχος m (froúrarchos, “garrison commander”)
• φρούριο n (froúrio, “fortress”)
• φρουρός m (frourós, “sentry, guardian”)
• φρουρώ (frouró, “to guard”)
• παλιά φρουρά (paliá frourá, “old guard”)

Further reading

• φρουρά on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el