ψυδρός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ψυδνός (psudnós)

Etymology

Related to ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, untrue”) and ψύθος (psúthos, “lie, untruth”). The zero grade found in this word agrees with Armenian սուտ (sut, “false; lie”). Clackson is inclined to believe the proposal that the Greek word is related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰes- (“wind”), like ψύχω (psúkhō, “to breathe, blow”); semantic parallels would be ψίθυρος (psíthuros, “whispering, slanderous”) and ψύδραξ (psúdrax, “pustule, blister”). However, according to Beekes, Pre-Greek origin is a better explanation.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /psy.drós/ → /psyˈðros/ → /psiˈðros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /psy.drós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /psyˈdros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /psyˈðros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /psyˈðros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /psiˈðros/

Adjective

ψῠδρός • (psudrós) m (feminine ψῠδρᾱ́, neuter ψῠδρόν); first/second declension

1. false, lying, untrue

   Synonym: ψευδής (pseudḗs)

Inflection

First and second declension of ψῠδρός; ψῠδρᾱ́; ψῠδρόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ψῠδρός psudrós	ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́	ψῠδρόν psudrón		ψῠδρώ psudrṓ	ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́	ψῠδρώ psudrṓ		ψῠδροί psudroí	ψῠδραί psudraí	ψῠδρᾰ́ psudrá
Genitive		ψῠδροῦ psudroû	ψῠδρᾶς psudrâs	ψῠδροῦ psudroû		ψῠδροῖν psudroîn	ψῠδραῖν psudraîn	ψῠδροῖν psudroîn		ψῠδρῶν psudrôn	ψῠδρῶν psudrôn	ψῠδρῶν psudrôn
Dative		ψῠδρῷ psudrôi	ψῠδρᾷ psudrâi	ψῠδρῷ psudrôi		ψῠδροῖν psudroîn	ψῠδραῖν psudraîn	ψῠδροῖν psudroîn		ψῠδροῖς psudroîs	ψῠδραῖς psudraîs	ψῠδροῖς psudroîs
Accusative		ψῠδρόν psudrón	ψῠδρᾱ́ν psudrā́n	ψῠδρόν psudrón		ψῠδρώ psudrṓ	ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́	ψῠδρώ psudrṓ		ψῠδρούς psudroús	ψῠδρᾱ́ς psudrā́s	ψῠδρᾰ́ psudrá
Vocative		ψῠδρέ psudré	ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́	ψῠδρόν psudrón		ψῠδρώ psudrṓ	ψῠδρᾱ́ psudrā́	ψῠδρώ psudrṓ		ψῠδροί psudroí	ψῠδραί psudraí	ψῠδρᾰ́ psudrá
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ψῠδρῶς psudrôs				ψῠδρότερος psudróteros				ψῠδρότᾰτος psudrótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ψῠδρεύς (psudreús)

Further reading

• “ψυδρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ψυδρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN